英语语言学_语言学知识点.ppt

语言学知识点
I 语言学导论
II 语言学主要分支学科
III 语言学的流派和理论
I 语言学导论
1. design feature of language
(语言的定义特征)
2. Language Families (世界语言分类)
3. important distinctions in linguistics (语言学研究中几对重要的概念)
4. scope of linguistics
(语言学的研究范围)
1. design feature of language(语言的定义特征)
defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system munication
1. design feature of language语言定义特征
1)Arbitrariness(任意性)
2)Duality(二层性)
3)Creativity/Productivity(创造性)
4)Displacement(移位性)
5)Cultural Transmission(文化传递性)
1)Arbitrariness(任意性):
定义:the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning.
举例:
书, book, livre
喜欢,like,aimer
2)Duality(二层性):
定义:the property of having two levels of structures, such that units of the primary level posed of elements of the secondary level.
举例: Sounds > syllables > words > phrases > clauses > sentences> texts/discourses
3) Creativity/Productivity(创造性):
定义:Language can be used to create new meanings because of its duality
举例1:/k/ ,/a:/, /p/---- carp or park
举例2:England, defeated, France
England defeated France.
France defeated England.
4)Displacement(替代性):
定义:Human languages enable their users to symbolize something which are not present at the moment munication.
5) Cultural Transmission(文化传递性):
定义:language is passed on from generation to generation through teaching and learning rather than instinct.
反例:印度狼孩