古埃及象形文字语法(英文版）.pdf

GRAMMAR
WITH
TABLE OF SIGNS, BIBLIOGRAPHY,
EXERCISES FOR READING
AXD
GLOSSARY
BY
ADOLF ERMAN.
TRANSLATED
BY
JAMES HENRY BREASTED.
WILLIAMS AND NOEGATE,
14, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN, LONDON
AND 20, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET, EDINBURGH.
1894.
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Authorized Translation.
AUTHOR'S PREFACE.
As the outgrowth of practical academic instruction,
this book is designed to facilitate as far as possible,
for the beginner, the acquisition of the Egyptian lan-
guage and writing, and is also intended for those who
must dispense with the assistance of a teacher in
the study. It aims to acquaint the learner with those
grammatical phenomena which are well established,
and which must guide us in the interpretation of texts.
It further aims to afford him as correct a picture as
possible of the general structure of the Egyptian
language.
For those who are familiar with the peculiar
situation of Egyptian philology, I need not premise
with the remark, that something else is necessary to
the study of Egyptian grammar if it is to be at all
a fruitful study, viz. the simultaneous acquisition of
Coptic. One who is not familiar with this, the only
phase of the Egyptian language which we really under-
stand, will never prehend it in its older
IV AUTHOR'S PREFACE.
periods, nor, at the most ever attain more than a super-
ficial capacity for reading Egyptian texts by rote. I
would therefore request the student of my book to
work through Steindorff's Coptic Grammar a book
parallel with this and especially, to note also the
constant cross references in both.
The selection and limitation of the grammatical
material offered especial difficulty. The Egyptian
language as we find it, presents quite different stages
of development, and even leaving Late Egyptian and
still later idioms out of account, fifteen hundred
years of the history of the language still remain to
be dealt with. These difficulties have been surmoun-
t