超宽带(UWB)通信系统极窄脉冲的研究和实现.pdf

摘要i摘要超宽带(Ultra Wide Band)是近年来发展起来的无线电技术。它和传统无线电系统相比在诸多方面都具有明显优势。利用纳秒级的非正弦波窄脉冲来传输数据,具有传输速率高、功耗低、安全性好、抗多径能力强以及成本低廉等许多优点。特别是不需要占用额外的频谱,可与现有的无线通信系统在同一频带内共存这一特点,使它在频谱资源日益紧张的今天受到了重视。目前超宽带通信技术已成为无线通信技术研究的热点之一。超宽带无线电技术的应用领域也十分广泛,如短距离高速通信、雷达、目标定位等。本文重点研究了超宽带系统的窄脉冲形式和特性,研究设计了模拟和数字几种典型的窄脉冲产生方法。采用时域叠加的方法组合出更加适合超宽带无线传输的波形。在符合高速数字电路的设计原则下,采用最优结构完成了超宽带数字发射机电路的设计。本文的研究内容主要包括以下几个方面:(1) 分析超宽带通信系统发射机所需信号波形的时域和频域特性。(2) 采用模拟以及数字的方法设计了不同的窄脉冲发射方案。(3) 用组合脉冲的方法产生高斯偶脉冲、高斯单周脉冲和Scholtz单周脉冲。(4) 根据示波器实测结果给出了方案设计的窄脉冲信号以及组合脉冲的结果。(5) 对IR-UWB系统数字发射机的关键电路进行设计与实现。通过对几种不同的调制方式的对比,最终选择了OOK调制设计完成了超宽带发射机的硬件电路的搭建与调试。发射电路经过高速宽带示波器的输出测试,得到了比较理想波形和幅度以及纳秒级宽度的窄脉冲。对发射机关键电路进行了研究,这对超宽带系统整体的设计以及高速电路设计具有一定的支持和参考作用。关键词:超宽带;窄脉冲;辐射掩蔽;数字电路;组合脉冲万方数据ABSTRACTiiAbstractUltra-wideband (UWB) communication is a wireless communicationtechnique, in which data are transferred using narrow pulses with very shortduration. It has many advantages, for example high transmission rate, lowpower consumption, good security, robustness to multipath and low , it does not need extra frequency spectrum, and can coexist withthe existing munication systems at the same frequency band,which makes it draw much attention nowadays when the frequency spectrumresource has e more and more precious. UWB technology has wildlyapplied in many filed such as short distance high munication, radar,wireless location and so paper put stress ontheform and characteristicof ultra-short pulsein municationsystem. Study and designed analog and digital impulse generatorbased on the analysis of several typical methods of UWB pulse generation. The waveformadapt toUWB wirelesstransmissionhas been generated bining thetime-,thecircuit ofUWB transmitter was finished and got asatisfaction resultguided bythe principles ofhigh-speed digital circuit. Totally speaking, the thesis includes the following parts:(1) Research the time-domainand frequence-domaincharacterist