---principlesofchemicalengineeringdistillation*&,ponents(thehomogeneousliquidmixturesorvaporizinggasmixture).Characteristic(1)Gettingtheproductsdirectlyandoperatingprocesseasily.(2)Thewideapplication.(3)Besuitabletomixtureswithallconcentrations.(4)(1)Theoperationmanner简单蒸馏、平衡蒸馏(闪蒸)、精馏和特殊精馏(2)TheprocessmannerBatch(间歇)distillation,Continuous(连续)distillation(3)ponent,ponent(4)TheoperationpressureHigh-pressure,Atmospheric,(a)Theliquidisidealsolution,followingRaoult`slaw(拉乌尔定律).(b)Thegasisidealgas,followingDalton‘slaw(道尔顿定律).(1)Phaserule(相律)F=C-Ф+2whereF:thefreedom(自由度数),Ф:thenumberofthephase(相数)andC:ponent(独立组分数).4variables,2equations,onlytwotrulyindependent5(2)Bubblepointequation(泡点方程)(3)Dewpointequation(露点方程)(4)Theequilibriumequation(相平衡方程)phaseequilibriumconstant6(5)TheequilibriumphasechartTemperature—constitution(t-x-y)Gas–liquidconstitutionchart(x-y),由t-x-y图转换而来。-idealsystemPositivedeviationsystem(Alcohol-water)9Negativedeviationsystem(Nitricacid-water)10
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