动词被动语态用法讲解.doc.doc

一、概述
语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语的关系。英语的动词可分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态和被动语态可以相互转化。
She typed a letter. (主动,主语She是type动作的执行者)
A letter was typed by her.(被动,主语A letter是typed动作的承受者)
Granny takes care of the girl. (主动,主语Granny是take care of动作的执行者)
The girl is taken care of by Granny. (被动,主语The girl是take care of动作的承受者)
二、被动语态
1、被动语态的概述
被动语态表示句子的主语是动作的承受者,也就是动作的对象,一般说来只有及物动词才有被动语态。
Farming tools are being sent to the countryside. 农具正运往农村。
He had been invited to teach at a university 。
2、构成
其构成为“be+及物动词的过去分词”。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。现以动词see为例列表如下:
式
时
 
一般式
 
进行式
 
完成式
现在时
am
is     seen
are
am
is  being seen
are
has
been seen
have
过去时
was
seen
were
was
being seen
were
 
had been seen
将来时
shall
seen
will
 
shall
have been seen
will
过去将来时
should
be seen
would
 
should
have been seen
would
注意:含有情态动词的谓语变化为被动语态时,由“情态动词(can, may must, have to等)+be +动词的-ed形式。含有“be going to , be to, used to, be about to”等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态时,其构成为“be going to (be to, used to, be about to)+ be +动词的-ed形式”构成。
巧记:被动特点强调宾(语), 用be加上过去分(词),行为对象做主语,逻辑主语by引。
I need one more stamp before my collection pleted . 我的邮集还需要一张邮票就完成了。(一般现在时被动语态)
- I've been told the sports meet might be put 。(现在完成时的被动态)
-Yes, it all depends on the weather. 是,这完全看天气而定。
The water will be further poll