8-SimonFraserUniversity:8西蒙·{PRINTER:}(,);generallyyellowandblackorbrown,-to27-segmented(13-28segmentsinAsiangenera),femalesalwayswithanovoidorroundprotuberantareaofsensorysetaeonoutsideofmiddlesegments,malessometimeswithtyloids(glabrouselongatetoovoidraisedsensoryareas),threeteethonleft,fouronright;maxillarypalpusually6-,-segmented;inmostgenerathesecondsegmentofthehindtrochanterdivided;tarsiwithplantarlobespresent,usuallylongandhyaline;,,:(Carmean&Kimsey,1998).(Raff,1934;Weinstein&Austin,1995)alltrigonalidsarehyperparasitoidsofendoparasiticIchneumonoideaandTachinidae,,butthesedonotecloseunlesstheyareingestedbyaphytophagousinsectlarva(usuallyacaterpillar).Withinthislarvatheeggshatch,butnofurtherdevelopmentofthemicrotypelarvaensuesunlessthecaterpillarisparasitizedbyanotherparasitoid,(ingestionofparasitoideggs),tenthredinoidsawflies,
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