庭院(tingyuan).doc

庭院courtyard(ting-yuan)古文里说:庭者,堂前阶也;院者,周坦也。庭院,可以简单的理解为有院子的建筑。IntheancientChineseprose:庭,meansstepsinfrontofthehall;院,meansthesurroundingflatground,,各地的庭院都有不同的风格,北京的四合院,江浙的园林(包括徽州的徽派建筑),Classificationbylocation,thereareseveraldifferentstylesofcourtyardinChina,forexamplethecourtyarddwellings(si-he-yuan)inBeijing,theJiangnangardeninJiangsu&Zhejiang(includeHuistylearchitecture),广东的客家土楼,还有山西的大院。theHakkaearthbuildinginGuangdong&Fujian,,江北的规整。各有千秋,形成各有因缘,他们全部可以统称为庭院。ThecourtyardinSouthoftheYangtzeRiver(Jiangnan)isgraceful,thecourtyardinnorthofYangtzeRiver(Jiangbei)isregular。Eachhasitsadvantagesanddifferentcauses,。Theformationofeachuniquearchitecturalstyle,(si-he-yuan)四合院是以正房、东西厢房,围绕中间庭院形成平面布局的传统住宅的统称。四合院在中国民居中历史SiheyuanisageneraldesignationoftheChinesetraditionalhousewhoselayouthavemainroom(zhengtang),andtheeastandwestwing,(3000多年前的西周时期就有四合院出现),分布最广泛。作为代表的北京四合院,四合院坐北向南,SiheyuanistheoldestChineseresidencestyle(befoundby3000yearsagointheWesternZhouDynasty),,大门开在东南角,称“坎宅巽门”,有利进财聚财,门内建有影壁,这样外人看不到院内的活动。进入大门BeijingSiheyuanisnorthtosouth,thedoorfacesouth,andopeninthesoutheastcorner,whichcalls“坎宅巽门”,en(fengshui)’sawallinsidethedoorwhichisalittlehigherandwiderthanthedoor,,安排客房,仆房和厨、厕。从外院向北通过一座垂花门,才来到方正而大的内院,内院北面的Insidethedoor,thewestoftheyardcallsoutsideyard,outsideyardarrangementofguessroom,servant’sroom,,crossafloral-pendantgates,arrivethefounderandbiginsideyard,大厅叫正堂,家庭礼仪和接待贵客都在这里,其左右耳房居住长辈和用作书房。内院两侧的厢房是后辈居室。theinnernorthhallcallszhengtang,familyetiquetteandreceptionguestshere,theside