企业合并的反垄断法规制.pdf

I摘要市场经济是竞争的经济,随着竞争的发展,不可避免的会造成经济的集中。企业通过相互间的合并这一手段可以快速的实现扩大生产和经营规模的目的。具有积极因素的企业合并可以促进市场经济有效竞争的良性发展,具有消极因素的企业合并会损害市场经济有效竞争的发展,最终形成对市场的垄断。因此,对于积极的企业合并我们应该以立法的形式对其加以保护;对于消极的企业合并我们应该以立法的形式对其进行规制。企业合并可分为横向合并、纵向合并(垂直合并)、混合合并三种合并方式。横向合并的直接结果就是改变了市场的结构,减少了市场竞争者的数目以及对市场竞争的有效性直接产生损害,因此,横向合并是各国进行法律规制的重点。企业合并法律规制所规范的对象是损害有效竞争的企业合并行为。反竞争企业合并的认定标准、企业合并的申报与核准制度、法律适用除外制度等几个问题是研究企业合并法律规制的重点问题。反竞争企业合并的认定标准可以分为概括性标准和具体标准两类,其中具体标准包括市场份额、市场集中度、企业规模、技术创新能力等等。企业合并行为和损害有效竞争的结果构成了反竞争企业合并的两个法律要件,在具体分析企业合并行为时我们可以采用“五步分析法”(即:相关市场的界定、市场份额的确定、分析市场进入障碍、测定可能产生的反竞争后果、认定可能产生的效率)。企业合并的申报与核准制度是一种具有前瞻性的制度,在规制对市场有效竞争产生损害的企业合并时有很强的预防性。法律适用除外制度主要是根据各国不同情况而做出的对于企业合并进行豁免的制度,符合该制度的企业合并包括破产企业的合并、推动竞争的合并以及适应国际竞争的合并等等。关键词:企业合并;反垄断法;实质性标准;程序;法律制裁IIAbstract Market economy is petitive economy. With the development of petition,the economy centralization is inevitable. By the way of merger,enterprises can realize the aim of enlarging producing and management scales. Having positive factors about enterprise merger can force market economy petition to be developed,but having negative factors about enterprise merger can damage the development of the market economy petition,finally it forms the market monopoly. So we should protect those positive enterprises by legislations. But we must regulate those negative enterprises by legislations. Enterprise merger can be divided into three parts: landscape orientation merger,portrait merger(it is also called uprightness merger)and mixture merger. The direct result of landscape orientation merger is to change the market structure,to reduce the amount of the petitors and to produce the direct damages about the market petition. So landscape orientation merger is the importance for each country to act law regulations. The canonical objects of enterprise merger law regulations are damaging petition enterprise merger actions. The cognizance standard of the petitive enterprise merger,posing important documents of the petitive enterprise merger, the declaration and sanctions system of