美国刑法中的警察圈套制度及其对我国的借鉴意义.pdf

I摘要近年来,警察圈套在我国的司法实践中大量使用,并得到了司法机关的认可,对这一特殊侦查行为的规范和引导,我国却缺乏相关的制度或法律依据。立法的缺失必然导致权力的法外运行,必然会导致公权力对私权利的侵袭。所以,规范这种行为不仅是程序法的范畴,同时也应该是实体法嗣待解决的问题。他山之石,可以攻玉,对警察圈套这个问题研究的比较成熟并将其纳入实体法范畴的首推美国。美国很早就表现出对警察圈套制度的关注,相关理论也发展的比较系统、成熟。在研究了美国警察圈套制度的产生原因、发展历程、作为抗辩事由的的成立标准及其理论依据的新发展后,对我国警察圈套制度的建构提出了一些设想。全文共分为五个部分,约33000字。第一部分和第二部分首先介绍了警察圈套的定义及成立条件,并针对我国理论与实践部门存在的一些误解,将警察圈套与诱惑侦查、陷害教唆等相关概念进行了辨析,接着介绍了警察圈套产生的历史背景和发展进程中的一些典型案例。第三部分和第四部分介绍了警察圈套作为一种抗辩事由的成立标准及抗辩事由理论依据的新发展。警察圈套在美国刑法中是一项十分重要的无罪辩护事由,判断警察圈套是否成立一般有占主流地位的主观主义标准,被《模范刑法典》和大多数评论员所推崇的客观主义标准,以及少数州所奉行的综合标准。但无论是采用何种标准,都存在各自的优点与不足。于是二十世纪末叶,警察圈套抗辩事由理论依据出现了新发展:因果关系检验法被用于检验警察圈套抗辩是否成立,被告人的权利保护更加引起重视、政府相应的证明责任也随之加大。第五部分是美国刑法中的警察圈套制度对我国的借鉴意义。首先介绍了我国警察圈套的现状和存在的问题,接着分析了将警察圈套行为纳入刑法领域规范的必要性,最后,对我国警察圈套制度的建构提出了要借鉴美国刑法中警察圈套制度中的合理因素,建立无罪辩护制度与立法明确被告人与侦查人员刑事责任的两项建议。关键词:警察圈套;无罪辩护;制度建构IIAbstractIn recent years, the entrapment is used massively in our country's judicial practice, and obtains an's approval. As for standard and the guidance to this special detection behavior, our country lacks relative systems or the legal basis. The flaw of legislation causes inevitably power torun outside the law and thepublicpowerinevitably to attack the private this behavior not only should beregulatedby the procedural law, simultaneously also should be the problem which the substantive law remains to jade may be refined from ing from other hills. USAis the most important country that has mature research on the entrapment and integrates it in the substantive took attention to the police snare very early; the relative theories are also developed quite systematically, maturely. After studying production reasons and thedevelopment course of the American entrapmentand recent development of the tenable standard and the theory basis of defense causes, this article proposes some tentative plans to construct our country’s system of full text is dividedinto five parts, approximately 33000 first and second part is the out