Cough and expectoration (咳嗽与咳痰).ppt

CoughandexpectorationConceptAprotectivereflexactcleanexcessivesecretion&:larynx,trachea,bifurcationofthebronchiIrritanttype:mechanical,chemical,,musclesofdiaphragm,chestwall,–expirationeffortwithglottisclosed-glottisopenabruptly–(laryngopharynxdis)DiminishedmuscleforceObstructedairwayseeninsevereCOPDTracheaintubationChestorabdominalpainlimitcoughmovementCausesAirwaystimulationbychemicals&foreignmaterial(smoker&occupationalexposure)Airwayinfection&inflammationLungparenchymadisordersPleural&oughclassifyNonproduction(drycough)Production(withsputum)ough:postualnasaldripsyndrom,coughtypeasthma,smoker,paniedabnormalitiesFeverChestpainDyspnea&paniedCXFabnormalitiesNeoplasmEfussionalinterstinalMediastinumCardiovascularPleuralorchestwall