2015高考英语考点 词汇 语法 冲刺复习资料.doc

2015高考英语单选题通用技巧
1. 找准关键词语
有时题干中带有对解题起着关键作用的词语,如果能迅速找准这些词语,再结合各选项的意义和特点,就能很快选出正确答案。例如:
The Foreign Minister said, “_______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
解析:在名词性从句中,that既无词义,也不作句子成分,连接一个句子成分完整的陈述句。根据句意和句子结构,特别是that的暗示,可判断题干为一个含有主语从句的复合句,句首的it为形式主语,真正的主语为其后的that从句,故最佳答案为D。
2. 分析句子结构
有些试题的考点本来十分简单,但命题者却通过使用定语从句,或者将我们熟悉的固定词组有意拆分,重新组合,使我们在结构上产生错觉,出现迷惑。这时,我们只要保持清醒的头脑,仔细分析句子的结构,就会拨开迷雾。例如:
We keep in touch _____ writing often.
A. with B. of C. on D. by
解析:许多同学根据 keep in touch with (与……保持联系)这一搭配推断出此题应选A。但是选A错了,因为套此搭配此句意思不通,正确答案应是D,by 表示方式,by writing 意为“通过写信”,全句意为“我们通过经常写信保持联系”。请再看两例:
(1) We’ve talked a lot _____ cars. What about trains?
A. of B. with C. about D. in
解析:由于受 a lot of 这一常用结构的影响,许多同学毫不犹豫地选了A,但是错了。原因是:若选 of,a lot of cars 即为动词 talk 的宾语,但事实上,动词 talk 是不及物动词。正确答案是C,句中的a lot是修饰动词 talked 的状语,talk about才是一个动词短语。全句意为“我们对汽车已谈了不少,现在谈谈火车怎么样?”
(2) We all regarded the poor old man ____sympathy.
A. as B. with C. of D. by
解析:许多同学一看到句中的 regard 和选项中的 as,马上就联想到 regard … as …(把……看作……)这一搭配,从而断定此题应选A。错了,原因是将此搭配套入原句,句子意思不通。正确答案是B,句意为“我们大家都很同情这位老人”。
3. 适当转换句式
有时将题干的句式转换成自己更熟悉的句式,就很容易选出正确答案。比如将疑问句、强调句、感叹句或倒装句改为陈述句,将被动句改为主动句,无序句调整为正常句。例如:
—Mr. Wang, whom would you rather _____ the important meeting?
—Tom.
A. have attend B. have attended
C. having attend D. have to attend
解析: 若将疑问句改为陈述句,就是I would rather have Tom attend the important meeting. 其中would rather后必须接动词原形,have sb. do “要某人做某事”。所以选A。
4. 补全省略成分
口语中常常会使用一些省略句,做题时若将被省略的成分补充完整,答案就会一目了然。例如:
—What do you think made Mary so upset?
—_____ her new bike.
A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing
解析:将答句补全,就是_____ her new bike made Mary so upset,显然,只能选C,用动名词短语作主语。
5. 删除干扰部分
就是将起干扰作用的定语从句、介词短语或插入语,如I think / suppose / believe, do you think / suppose / believe, you know, of course等删除,从而更容易地选出正确答案。例如:
It is the ability to do the job _______matters not where e from or what you are.
A. one B. that C. what D. it
解析:去掉题干中的not where