形容词、副词的用法.ppt

四、形容词、副词(一)知识概要形容词的用法很活跃,在英语中用处也很多,但英语中修饰可数名词和不可数名词的修饰语和词组有时不同,要特别加以注意。下面将初中学习阶段中遇到的修饰可数名词的词和词组归纳如下:many,no,several,some,afew,alot,lots,plenty,plentyof,alotof,alargenumberof,enough。而修饰不可数名词的词或词组如下:much,no,some,alot,agreatdeal,lots,plenty,alotof,plentyof。其中some,no,alotof,plentyof既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词。英语中形容词与副词有原级、比较级、最高级之分,其规则如下:构词法原级比较级最高级加er,或esttalltallertallestyoungyoungeryoungest只加r或stnicenicernicestlargelargerlargest重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写该字母加er、estbigbiggerbiggestfatfatterfattesthothotterhottest不规则变化的形容词或副词:原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestwellbetterbestbadworseworstbadlyworseworstmanymoremostmuchmoremostlittlelesslestfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest要注意的是许多形容词同时又是副词,如:back,all,alone,either,far,high,slow等。而有些形容词则要经过一定变化才能转为副词,其规律如下:构词法形容词副词一般加lycareful-carefullykind-kindly结尾是y时将y变成i加lyhappy-happilybusy-busilyeasy-easily其他true-trulyterrible-terriblyfull-fullypossible-possiblyshy-shylywhole-wholly在学习过程中要注意其变化此外并不是所有副词都可以修饰比较级和最高级形容词。能修饰比较级的有:much,yet,far,still,agreatdeal,:thevery,muchthe,far等(二)正误辨析[误]Theyounglikesplayingfootballverymuch.[正]Theyounglikeplayingfootballverymuch.[析]定冠词加形容词表示一类人,应作复数看待。而定冠词加形容词表示抽象事物时则要看作单数,如:。[误]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstareover.[正]Thedangerhasgone,sotheworstisover.[析]意为:"危险已经过去,最困难的状况已结束。"用定冠词加最高级形容词作主语时应看作单数形式。[误]Itisthegoldageoftheyoung.[正]Itisthegoldenageoftheyoung.[析]golden在英语中多用于比喻,如:goldenhair金发,goldenvoice金嗓子。而gold多用于表达金质的,如:agoldbar金条,agoldcoin金币,但goldfish金鱼例外。[误]Sheisawarm-heartwoman.[正]Sheisawarm-heartedwoman.[析]英语形容词的构词法很多,其中之一是由形容词,或数词,加名词加ed构成,如:warm-hearted热心肠的,white-haired白毛的[误]Thereisanalivefishinthepool.[正]Thereisalivingfishinthepool.[析]在初中范围内所学到的以a字母开头的形容词一般不能作定语,只能作表语。如:Thefishisalive.(鱼还活着)这样的形容词有:alive,alike,alone,asleep,afraid,awake等。[误]Theillmannearlydied.[正]Thesickmannearlydied.[析]ill一般不作定语来形容某人有病,而要用sick,但作表语时则都可以。如:Heisill/sick,ill作定语时则另有他意,如:illluck(厄运),illnature(天性恶劣),illtemper(心绪不好)[误]Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.[正]Ihavesomet