儒学及忽必烈的治国方略.pdf

摘要忽必烈汗同他的祖父成吉思汗一样,也是一位叱咤时代风云,对蒙古族历史和中国历史的发展以及对世界历史的发展作出巨大贡献的历史伟人。忽必烈汗于 1260年在他的不惑之年继蒙哥汗即位时,他已经成为一个既熟悉蒙古族传统思想文化及其灵魂,又能懂得汉族儒家思想和藏传佛教思想的真谛,并且能够把握运用这些思想来治理国家的政治家和思想家。忽必烈汗作为蒙古贵族和少数民族上层阶级政权的总代表,创建元朝后,顺应当时社会发展的需要,完成了蒙古族向封建制的完善过程,创建了全国统一的元朝。忽必烈汗建立元朝,结束了自唐末以来四百余年的割据局面,建立了在中国历史上空前的多民族的统一国家,为中国版图的形成奠定了基础。他的活动对中国疆域的奠定、多民族大家庭的发展, 以及中外经济文化的交流,都有巨大的影响。他是一个伟大的历史人物。忽必烈汗之所以影响甚大,是因为他是第一位成功地完成了从草原游牧征服者到定居社会君主过渡的蒙古大汗。忽必烈汗入主中原以后更多地吸纳了儒学的治国思想, 以“汉法”治理汉地,文武兼修,重用儒臣,成就了元朝别具一格的文治武功, 赢来了元王朝的百年繁荣和文明。关键词:儒学;忽必烈;以儒治国:治国思想 Abst ract Kublai Khan and hisgrandfather,Genghis Khan,is also one became situation ??a significant contribution tothehistory ofgreat men of Mongolian history and development ofChinese history and thehistory oftheworld. Kublai Khan in 260 following Mengge Han throne inhis fourth decade,he has e afamiliarMongolian traditional ideology and culture and itssoul,but also know how toHan Confucianism andTibetan Buddhist thought the truemeaning,and can grasp the use ofthese ideas to govern thecountry’S politicians and thinkers. Kublai Khan,the chief representative ofthe regime as theMongolian nobility and minority upper class,to create theYuan Dynasty,to adapt tothe needs ofsocial pleted theprocess ofimprovement oftheMongolian tothefeudal system,create aunified national oftheYuan Khan established the Yuan Dynasty,ending thefragmentation has 400 years since the end oftheTang Dynasty,established unprecedented inChinese history,multi—ethnic,unifiedcountry, laidthe foundation fortheformation ofthe Chinese activities on the territory ofChina,laid more thanthedevelopment ofthe family ofnations,as well as Sino—foreign economic and cultural exchanges,has a huge is a great historical Khan,the reasonwhy agreatimpact,because heWas thefirst pletion oftheover—Mongolian conqueror from nomadic tosedentary societies monarch Khan at a young age,because of his family environment and the peerage,they arewidely subje