词汇学精要.doc

1 大家请注意: 笔记中大多数是以名词解释的形式出现的, 这些是绝对的基础, 应该一字不漏的背下来。其实不少简答题也就是几个定义的汇总,再加上个例子就可以拿满分了。 1. Word --- A word isa minimal free form ofa language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic funtion. 2. Morpheme --- A morpheme is the minimal significant element in position of words. 3. Free morphemes or Content morphemes (Free root) --- They are morphemes that may constitute words by themselves : cat, walk. 4. Bound Morphemes or Grammatical morphemes --- They are morphemes that must appear with at least one other morpheme, either bound or free : Catts, walk+ing. 5. Bound root --- A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root, it isa bound form and has bine with other morphemes to make words. Take -dict- for example: it conveys the meaning of "say or speak" as a Latin root, but not as a word. With the prefix pre-(=before) we obtain the verb predict meaning "tell beforehand". 6. Affixes --- Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or funtion. 7. Inflectional morphemes or Inflectional affixes --- Affixes attaches to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional ,thus known as inflectional morphemes. There is the regular plural suffix -s(-es) which is added to nouns such as machines, desks. 8. Derivational morphemes or Derivational affixes --- Derivatio