论保险合同的成立与生效.pdf

摘要保险合同是合同的一种形式,我国《保险法》第lO条第1款规定:“保险合同是投保人与保险人约定保险权利义务关系的协议”。我国合同法明确规定了合同的成立和生效,但我国保险法仅规定了保险合同的成立,并未涉及保险合同的生效,这直接导致了我国保险实务和司法实践上在此问题发生争议,并由此引起我国立法部门和相关行业部门的重视。如今《保险法》的第二次修改已紧锣密鼓地展开,与此同时,保险合同的成立和生效作为一个重要的课题正向社会各界征集修改意见和建议。本文从合同的成立和生效的基本原理分析入手,论述了保险合同成立和生效的定义、要件和区别,比较分析了保险合同成立和生效阶段的不同法律后果、法律责任和对此产生影响的诸多因素,并结合国外相关的一些理论观点和保险实践案例进行全面论证。本文认为,保险合同的成立需要程序上形式合法性,保险合同的生效需要实体内容上的实质合法性。根据保险合同签订过程中的不同法律事实,会产生从成立到生效过程中各种形态的保险合同,如尚未成立的保险合同、成立未生效的保险合同、成立但无效的保险合同、效力待定的保险合同、成立并生效的保险合同等等。本文进一步认为,是否交纳保险费及签发保险单与保险合同的成立和生效无关,这些只是保险合同双方依照保险合同应该履行的合同义务;保险利益直接关系到保险合同的效力等等。最后,本文在参考了前人的研究成果的基础上并结合本文的论证,对本次保险法二次修改关于保险合同成立和生效部分提出了作者自己的建议和意见。主要为:1、补充关于保险合同生效的规定;2、设立保险合同成立的合理期限的规定; 3、保险合同成立生效前支付保险费的法律定义。关键词:保险合同成立生效中图分类号:D922—284 Abstract Insurance contract is a form of contract. According to the article 10 of Insurance I。awofThe People’s Republic ofChina,it stipulates that, an insurance contract is an agreement for defining insurance rights and obligations of the insurants and the toContract Law ofPRC。 the formation and effectiveness are stipulated. The formation is stiDulated in the insurance law, but the effectiveness is not. It has caused many disputes and confusion in relation to the practice of insurance and justice. Now the preparation on the second time of reVise on insurance 1aW is in running. The formation and effectiveness of insurance contract is a very important subject. The authorities are collecting the advices and suggestions. The author analyzes, based on the basic theory of formation and effectiveness of contract, discourses the definition of formation and effectiveness of insurance contract. Meanwhile, the author analyzes the different legal consequences, obligations and factors though the formation and effectiveness of insurance contract, combining with the overseas theories and illustrations of practice on insurance contract. In the author’ s o口inion, the formation of insurance contract needs the form validity on procedure. The effectiveness of insurance con