自考英语二语法及课后翻译.doc

自考英语二语法及课后翻译一、语法Grammar&Usage Subject-VerbAgreement(I) 1)语法一致,即在语法形式上取得一致。 Humanbeingsenjoylearning. Everybody’plete. 2)意义一致,即根据意义来处理一致关系。 Thepeopletherearefightingfortheindependenceoftheircountry. Thedollarswasalotofmoneyatthattime. 3)就近原则,即谓语动词单、复数形式取决于最靠近它词语。 Thereisapen,twopencilsandaneraserinthepencilbox. Neithertheboynorhisteachersknowtheanswer. 1)当主语为furniture,equipment,machinery等词时,谓语动词通常用单数。 ThefurnitureinthatshopisallmadeinChina. Officeequipmentisveryexpensivenowadays. 2)集体名词如people,cattle,police,poultry,等往往作复数用。 Somepeopledrivemadlyinthiscountry. Manycattlehavediedbecauseofthefold. Thepolicehavebeensenttherebuttheyhavenotmadeanyarrestsyet. Poultryareplentifulinthatmountainregion. 3)family,government,mittee,audience,team,public等词被视做一个整体时,其后动词作单数;被视做为构成整体个体时,其后动词则为复数。 Hisfamilyisahappyone. Hisfamilyareallinterestedinstamp-collecting. TheDemocraticGovernmentisinpowernow. Thegovernmentis/areconsideringfurthertaxcuts. Theaudiencewereshoutingandlaughingwhenhecameintothehall. Ourclassisthetopclassinthegrade. Theclassarebusytakingnotes. 1)当“名词+名词”表示一种事物时,用单数动词。 BaconandeggsisaverypopularBritishbreakfast. Toastandmarmalade(果酱面包)ismyfavoritebreakfast. Fishandchips(炸鱼与土豆片)isservedeveryday. 2)当主语是由and,both….and连接并列结构时,如果主语所指不是一种事物,动词则用复数形式。 JackandMaryareinlovewitheachother. BothTomandJohnareabsenttoday. War,famineanddroughthaveclaimedthousandsoflivesinthatcountry. 3)在又or或nor连接并列结构中,动词单、复数形式一般与or或nor后边名词或代词保持一致。转自学易网studyez Heorhisbrothersaretoblameforthis. Eitheryouoryourfriendhastopaythebill. estoseehimeveryday. Whencouplesquarrel,(either)thewifeorthehusbandhastogivein. Neithershenoryouaremistaken. Neitherthemanagernortheclerksarecollegegraduates. 4)notonly…butalso连接结构做主语时,动词单、复数形式依据butalso后名词或代词。 NotonlyFredbutalsohisparentslovethissmallpetdog. Notonlytheboysbutalsotheirmotherisveryell. 课后练习 TranslatethefollowingintoEn