从语义和交际翻译视角对比《红楼梦》诗词中文化意象的翻译.pdf

沈阳师范大学
硕士学位论文
从语义和交际翻译视角对比《红楼梦》诗词中文化意象的翻译
姓名:王明
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:外国语言学及应用语言学(翻译方向)
指导教师:李云启
20100501
摘要

翻译不仅是不同语言间的信息的转换,而且也是不同民族间文化信息的转
换。在苏珊·巴斯奈特和安德鲁·勒弗菲尔提出“文化转向”后,文化翻译越来
越受到翻译研究者的重视。谢天振在其 1999 出版的《译介学》一书中首次提出
了“文化意象”这一概念,其意是指凝聚着一个民族的智慧和历史,具有丰富、
独特内涵的一种文化符号。“文化意象”的提出进一步扩展了翻译研究的视野,
其翻译是传播民族文化的重要途径。
《红楼梦》是中国乃至世界的文学瑰宝,蕴含了丰富的中国文化。在这部伟
大的作品中,曹雪芹写了二百多首诗词曲赋,这些诗词曲赋不仅是小说不可或缺
的一部分,而且能够影射和暗示大观园人物的性格特点以及悲惨命运。诗词中包
涵了大量的文化意象,对传达这些暗含意义具有重要作用。
英国翻译理论家彼得·纽马克提出了语义翻译和交际翻译理论,对翻译实践
以及翻译批评有着重要的意义,本论文以该理论为视角,通过对比中国翻译家杨
宪益和戴乃迭以及英国翻译家大卫·霍克斯的译本,分析中西译者对《红楼梦》
诗词中文化意象的翻译策略及其原因,通过对比研究,本文得出结论,杨氏夫妇
对大多数文化意象的翻译倾向于语义翻译,而霍克斯则倾向于交际翻译。杨译本
更好的保留了文化意象,因此,语义翻译对于传递文化意象更为有效。在中西文
化碰撞、融合的 21 世纪,译者应该相信读者有能力接受异国文化,文化意象的
翻译应更倾向于语义翻译。

关键词:《红楼梦》;诗词;文化意象;语义翻译;交际翻译
iv
Abstract

Translation is a process of translating not only linguistic information of one
language into another, but also cultural information of one nation into another. After
Susan and Andrew Lefevere put forward the concept of “cultural turn” in
translation field, the role of culture in the process of translation has attracted more and
more attention. “Cultural image” was firstly proposed by Xie Tianzhen in his book
Translatology published in 1999, which refers to the symbols that contain wisdom and
historical culture of a nation and possessed of rich and unique cultural connotative
meanings. The put-forward of “cultural image” greatly widens the theoretical scope of
translation studies and the translation of cultural image is an important means to
disseminate national culture.
Hong Lou Meng is among the greatest classical works of China and of the
world. In this great novel, Cao Xueqin wrote more than two hundred poems, which
are not only the indispensable parts of the whole work, but also illustrate the spirits
and the personal features of the characters. Moreover, these poems foreshadow the
fates or destinies of the figures in the Grand View Garden. These poems boast of