FPGA 台湾2.ppt

,“puterDesignFundamentals,"3rdEd.,PearsonPrenticeHall,: 15%mid-term: %x2final: 30%CoursecontentsChapter1-:csiedcpasswd:putersgeneralpurposesmanyscientific,alculators,PDA'sdigitalTVDiscreteinformation-processingsystemsmanipulatediscreteelementsofinformationChapter1:putersandInformationSignalAninformationvariablerepresentedbyphysicalquantityFordigitalsystems,thevariabletakesondiscretevaluesTwolevel,orbinaryvaluesarethemostprevalentvalues Binaryvaluesarerepresentedabstractlyby:digits0and1words(symbols)False(F)andTrue(T)words(symbols)Low(L)andHigh(H)–PhysicalQuantity:VoltageThresholdRegionSignalExamplesOverTimeAnalogAsynchronousSynchronousTimeContinuousinvalue&timeDiscreteinvalue&continuousintimeDiscreteinvalue&puterExampleSynchronousorAsynchronous?Inputs:Keyboard,mouse,modem,microphoneOutputs:CRT,LCD,modem,speakersNumberSystems–RepresentationPositiveradix,positionalnumbersystemsAnumberwithradixrisrepresentedbyastringofdigits:An-1An-2…-1A-2…A-m+1A-minwhich0£Ai<:()()(Number)r=åå+j=-mjjii=0irArA(IntegerPortion)+(FractionPortion)i=n-1j=-1NumberSystems–ExamplesGeneralDecimalBinaryRadix(Base)r102Digits0=>r-10=>90=>10123Powersof4Radix5-1-2-3-4-5r0r1r2r3r4r5r-1r-2r-3r-4r-51**********,000100,(1024)isKilo,denoted"K"220(1,048,576)isMega,denoted"M"230(1,073,741,824)isGiga,denoted"G"