发达国家现代农业政策及启示.pdf

I 摘要农业政策是政府用于干预农业和农村经济活动的所有政策手段的总称, 它代表了政府对农业和农民的看法和期望。但各国因自然、经济、社会和文化传统的不同, 经济发展阶段的不同, 不同时期不同国家的农业政策的目标也会有所侧重。当前,我国农业已进入现代农业发展的新时期,传统农业政策难以适应新阶段农业发展的新要求。推进现代农业又好又快地发展,使之更好地服务于建设社会主义新农村,服务于全面建设小康社会,服务于构建和谐社会的大局,这就迫切要求我国传统农业政策向现代农业政策的转变。在开放的全球化背景下,借鉴发达国家现代农业政策的成功经验,对建立和完善我国现代农业建设是十分必要的。纵观全球,发达国家现代农业政策各有秋千,本文以美、日、欧盟等国家的现代农业政策为主要研究对象,着重介绍现代农业的科技创新政策、推广政策、土地政策和贸易保护政策, 使之为我国现代农业政策的制定与实施提供一定的参考价值。本文从现代农业政策入手, 首先分析了发达国家现代农业政策出台社会经济背景和理论依据; 在此基础上归纳分析了主要发达国家推进现代农业建设的四大政策,即现代农业的科技创新政策、推广政策、土地政策和贸易保护政策;然后利用数理模型对这些农业政策的执行效果进行了定量考察, 实证分析表明发达国家的现代农业政策与本国农业经济发展是正相关的;最后本文立足国情,在总结发达国家现代农业政策经验的基础上, 对我国现代农业政策的制定和实施提出了一些有针对性的建议。关键词: 发达国家;现代农业;现代农业政策;启示 II ABSTRACT The agricultural policy is a general designation that government uses all policies to intervene agricultu ral and the rural economy activity, and it represents the view and expectation of government on ag riculture and peasant. In the different times, the emphasis of agri cultural policy goal also is different in the various countries because country has the nature, the economical and the social tradition is different. At present, our agriculture ha s move to a new times to develop modern agriculture. Traditional agricultural policy is not seasoned with the development of modern agriculture. Modern agri culture is promoted to be better, so that it can better serve the building of a new so cialist countryside, an all -round well-off society and a harmonious society in the overall situation, and these urgent requirements of China's agricultural policy from trad itional to modern changes. With the background of globalization, the essful experience of developed countries’ modern agricultural policies is essential and useful to promote the building of China's modern agriculture. Looking around the world, mo dern agricultural policies of developed countries are different, and the paper an alyses the agricultural tech nology innovation policy, agriculture policy on the promotion of agri cultural, land policy a