语言学概论 总结.doc

语言学概论总结Chapter1----IntroductionPartOne★Definitionoflanguage★★★Designfeaturesoflanguage★★FunctionsoflanguagePartTwo★Definitionoflinguistics★★Thescopeoflinguistics★★★ImportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsExercises:1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTadistinctivefeatureofhumanlanguage?(2005) )Thedistinctionbetweenparole言语andlangue语言wasmadeby_____.(2006)(瑞士语言学家)(美国语言学家,转换生成语法的创始人)(美国语言学家教育家)考点:语言流派的主要代表人物、四对概念的区分。3)“highwayclosed”onahighwayserves_____.(2010):语言的基本功能。信息功能、人际功能、施为功能、感情功能、寒暄功能、娱乐功能。其中最重要的是信息功能。4)Thefunctionofthesentence"Aniceday,isn'tit?"?P7-。----rule-governed受规则制约的,ordingtocertainrules;can’.*bkli,*)----.“pen”)----wordsareassociatedwithobjects,actions,ideasbyconvention惯例.“Arosebyanyothernamewouldsmellassweet”----byShakespeare4)----theprimarymedium基本媒介issoundforalllanguages;)Languageishuman--specific----,beedance,(CharlesHockett):P8-10Arbitrariness任意性Productivity/Creativity创造性Duality二重性Displacement移位性Culturaltransmission文化传递性Arbitrariness◎----Nological(motivated有积极性的orintrinsic固有的)connectionbetweensoundsandmeanings.◎poundwordsarenotentirelyarbitrary,-writer,shoe-maker,air-conditioner,photocopy…Apes[eɪp]gibber['dʒɪbə].