介词、介词短语和短语动词
考纲内容
熟悉介词基础意义及使用方法;辨析相近、易混介词使用方法;掌握常见介词短语意义及使用方法;掌握常见短语动词形式、意义及使用方法。
命题趋势
语法填空关键考察介词基础意义和使用方法,用时兼顾对介词短语考察。
短文改错关键考察介词误用。
考察介词和名词、形容词或动词搭配意义和使用方法。
介词
(一)介词分类
1. 从结构上看,介词能够分为以下几类:简单介词(由一个词组成介词)、合成介词(两个词合在一起介词)、短语介词(一个或多个简单介词或其它介词组合在一起介词)、分词介词(部分动词-ing形式和过去分词形式)。
2. 从意思上考虑,介词能够分为下面三类:引导时间短语介词、引导地点状语介词、引导其它短语介词。
(二)介词(短语)使用方法区分
1. 表示方位at,in,on,to,beside/by和near
(1)at通常指在较小地方
例:I met him at the shop.
in 通常指在较大地方,或在某一范围内
例:a. They arrived in Beijing yesterday.
b. Shandong Province lies in the east of China.
on 通常指在物体表面,或相邻并接壤两个地域
例:a. The picture is hanging on the wall.
b. Mongolia is on the north of China.
to表示某范围外接壤或不接壤两个位置
例: Shandong Province is to the southeast of Hebei Province.
beside/by 译为“在...旁边”
例:a. She was standing beside her mother.
b. There is a small house by the river.
near译为“靠近;靠近”
例:There is a supermarket near my home.
表示方位between和among
between在二者或每二者之间
例: I stand between Sue and Jane.
among 在三者或三者以上之间
例: The teacher was standing among the students.
表示方位across,through,over和past
across从...表面穿过
例:He walked across the square to meet us.
through从...内部穿过
例:The guide led us through the forest.
over从...上面跨过
例:The thief jumped over the fence and fled away.
past在...旁边经过
例:She walked past the shop.
表示时间介词
表示“在...”:at,in,on
at表示在某个时间点、时刻或重大节日
例:at 9:00; at noon; at Christmas
b. in表示在某段较长时间内,世纪、朝代或年月;泛指早晨、下午、黄昏等。
例:in the 21st century; in September; in the morning
c. on表示在具体日子或具体某一天早晨、下午、晚上
例:on 2nd, September; on the morning of 1st, may
表示“在...以后”after,in
“after+一段时间”在过去时句子中做时间状语,相当于“一段时间+later”; “in+一段时间”在未来时句子中做时间状语,指离说话时多长时间以后。
例:a. He returned home after a week(a week later).
b. They will come to visit us in a month.
注意:“after+时间点”可在未来时态句子中做时间状语; “in+时间段”表示“在...时间之内”时,可用于完成时或过去时句子中。
例:a. I will attend a meeting after 2 o’clock.
b. In the last ten years, great changes have taken place in this village.
表示时间段for,since
“for+时间段”译为“多长时间”,表示动作连续时间长短
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