小麦秸秆复合基质对番茄幼苗生长发育的影响
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摘 要: 为了充分利用农业废弃物小麦秸秆,进行草炭替代性育苗基质原料的研发,实现农业资源循环化利用和生态可持续发展。以番茄‘毛粉802’为材料,通过小麦秸秆腐熟物、草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩4种基质原料及1种生物菌肥进行不同体积配比处理,研究不同配比的小麦秸秆复合基质对番茄幼苗生长指标、叶片色素及荧光指标、幼苗叶片理化性质指标、基质生物指标和理化性质的影响,探究适合番茄幼苗生长的小麦秸秆复合育苗基质配方。利用灰色关联法对19项指标进行综合分析。结果表明,V腐熟小麦秸秆∶V蛭石∶V珍珠岩∶V生物菌肥=6∶∶1∶,而番茄幼苗在纯小麦秸秆腐熟物上的生长量远远低于其他处理,番茄幼苗的表现最差。
关键词: 番茄; 幼苗; 小麦秸秆; 育苗基质; 理化性质
中图分类号: 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2020)04-050-06
Abstract: In order to make full use of the agricultural waste resource wheat straw, the research and development of alternative seedling substrate raw materials of peat was carried out to realize the recycling utilization of agricultural resources and the sustainable development of ecology. A tomato variety ‘Maofen 802’ was used as test material in this research, four kinds of substrate materials of wheat straw compost, peat, vermiculite and perlite and one kind of biological fertilizer were treated with different volume ratio, the effect of composite matrix of wheat straw with different ratio on the growth index, leaf pigment and fluorescence index, physical and chemical property index was investigated. The grey relational method was used to analyze the 19 indexes, the results showed that the best composition and ratio of tomato seedling culture substrates was Vwheat straw compost∶Vvermiculite∶Vperlite∶Vbiofertilizer = 6∶∶1∶, while the tomato seedlings which grew on the pure wheat straw decomposed matter showed the worst performance.
Key words: Tomato; Seedling; Wheat straw; Seedling substrate; Physico-chemical properties
隨着蔬菜产业在中国的发展,育苗作为其中一项重要环节,逐渐成为一项专门的产业。工厂化育苗是现代蔬菜产业的重要先导,是自然资源高效利用的重要体现,是节能省工的重要途径,是优质丰产的重要保证。河南省作为我国蔬菜生产大省,在主要蔬菜生产县也出现了一批育苗企业,如扶沟的豫星、新野的绿健、内黄的春萌等,大部分蔬菜标准园和蔬菜龙头企业基本实现了蔬菜集约化育苗[1]。
穴盘育苗由于种苗品质高、生产效率高、操作简便、可一次性成苗等优点,能够满足工厂化和规模化生产的需求,已经成为目前常用的育苗方式之一,该类育苗基质通常采用草炭、
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