Date 12. 28 现在完成时 一、 基础结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二、 句型： 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其它. 通常疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其它. 简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定) No, 主语 + haven't/hasn't.(否定) 三．使用方法 （1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成动作对现在造成影响或结果 I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) He has (just/already) come. (含义：她现在在这儿) My father has gone to work. (含义可能是:我父亲现在不在这儿) （2）现在完成时能够用来表示发生在过去某一时刻,连续到现在动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常和for（+时间段）, since（+时间点或过去时句子）连用. ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来） ③since+时段+ago ④since+从句（过去时） ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for three days. I have lived here since 1998. 四．has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 区分 Have/Has gone(to) :去了(现在不在说话现场) Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been (to) :去过（已不在去过地方） My father has been to Shanghai. Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆地方） My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago. 五．现在完成时标志 1. 现在完成时含义之一是过去完成动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词能够表示这种含义: 以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help. 她已得到她帮助。 He has just seen the film. 她刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn't come back yet. 她还没有回来。 以ever和never为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过最好一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 她从没有到过北京。 以动作发生次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. 她说她已经去过美国三次了。 以so far（到现在为止）为标志 He has got to Beijing so far. 到现在为止她已到了北京。 She has passed the exam so
