礼貌原则 英语.ppt

Politeness theory
Back to grice s cp
A: We'l all miss robin Harr and bob. won't
we
?
B: Well. we'll all miss robin harr
Leech(1983) defines POLItENESS as forms of
behavior which are aimed at the establishment and
maintenance of comity, ., the ability of participants
in a social-communicative interaction to engage in
interaction at an atmosphere of relative harmony
Leechs Politeness Principle
Minimize(other things being equal) the
expression of impolite beliefs and
Maximize(other things being equal)the
expression of polite beliefs
The 6 maxims of leechs pp
tact
generosity
approbation Vs modesty
agreement
sympathy
Leechs Politeness Principle
Tact Maxim
(in impositives/directives and commissives)
a Minimize cost to other
b Maximize benefit to other
Generosity Maxim
(in impositives/directives and commissives
a. Minimize benefit to self
b. Maximize cost to self
Examples
O Maxims of tact and generosity
Take a seat /Have a banana
Wait a second
Could you sharpen these pencils, please. (less polite)
Could these pencils be sharpened, please. (more polite
I can offer you my car if you need it
***@. You can offer me your car because I need it
I can drop you in town if you like
⑧ You can drop me in town
Gu Yueguo (1990)'s revision
The Tact Maxim (in impositives)
(At the motivational level
(a) Minimize cost to other (including content- and manner
regulating sens
(i At the conversational level
(a) Maximize benefit received
The Generosity Maxim(in commissives
( At the motivational level
(a) Maximize benefit to other (including content- and manner-
regulating senses)
()At the conversational level
(a) Minimize cost to self
Politeness scale: Cost-benefit
(have to do with content-regualting)
benefit to h
have another sandwich
Enjoy your holiday
Look at that
Sit down
Hand me the newspaper
Peel these potatoes
cost to h
Politeness scale: Directness/ optionality u3
Chave to do with manner-r