48个国际音标讲解文档.doc

48个国际音标课程讲义
元音和辅音的定义：
发音时声带振动，呼出的气流通过口腔时不受阻碍，这样形成的语音称为元音。
不论声带振动与否，发音时呼出的气流通过口腔或鼻腔时受到一定的阻碍，这样形成的语音称为辅音。
发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音。
发音声带振动的辅音称为浊辅音
一、元音
1、/i:/ /i/ /æ/ /e/
（1）/i:/ 长元音 嘴唇微微开，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角向两边开，流出微笑的表情 e ea ee
e: me 　　be 　　 she 　　he 　　we 　　 evening
ee: sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green
ea: meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean
绕口令练习：　the teacher repeated the speech to please the people.
I can see the sea, the deep green sea
（2）/i/ 短元音，嘴唇微微开，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部抬高，嘴型扁平。中间放一个小指尖，这个音是顺口即来的啊哈。 字母和字母组合 I e y ey ay
Pig fish lorry happy money chin
绕口令练习：why does Lily go out with Jim and not him?
If I assist a sister-assistant, will the sister’s sister-assistant assist me?
（3）梅花音/æ/ 嘴型比较怪异，嘴巴要长大，尽量拉向两边，既要大又要呈扁平形，舌尖抵下齿。听起来向鸭子叫。很干。
dad flag hand rabbit ant cap apple family
绕口令练习：apple, apple, apple. An apple is good after a nap
Can you can a can as a canner can can a can
(4)短原因 /e/唇形扁平，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍微隆起，嘴即来，跟打招呼“哎”的声音相似 a e ai ue ea ie等字母和字母组合发该音
Egg bell bread said head desk elephant
绕口令练习：my hen likes to lay ten fresh eggs every day.
Let’s get together when the weather is better.
2、中元音 /ɜ:/, /ǝ/, /ʌ/
（1）长元音/ә:/ 三部曲 嘴型扁平，上下齿微微开，舌身放平，舌中部微微抬起。稍微紧一点 发这个音的字母组合有er ir or ur ear our
Her girl skirt bird purse nurse pearl
绕口令练习： where is the pearl? The nurse put her pearl in her nurse.
The early birds catches the worm
（2）短元音/ә/ 嘴唇微微开，舌头自然放松，舌中部微微隆起 a e I o u ar er or ou re 等字母容易发/ә/
Picture camera teacher doctor sugar panda
绕口令练习： my mother and my sister like the new shopping center
Readers are supposed to keep silent in the library.
（3）短元音/ʌ/ 嘴唇微微开，伸向两边，舌尖轻触下齿，舌后部稍微抬起。开两指高度。O u oo ou 等字母和字母组合发该音
bus sun son gum jump nut umbrella butterfly mushroom
绕口令练习：Father and son have fun, flying their