油浸式变压器故障诊断与局放故障定位研究.pdf

华中科技大学
硕士学位论文
油浸式变压器故障诊断与局放故障定位研究
姓名:覃宁
申请学位级别:硕士
专业:系统工程
指导教师:肖江文
2011-02-23
华中科技大学硕士学位论文
摘要
随着经济的迅猛发展,我国各行各业对电力的需求日益增大,电网的安全、稳定
对国民经济建设至关重要。我国提出了建设“坚强”智能电网的目标,而作为智能电
网的重要组成部分,变电站智能化建设具有重要意义,而大型油浸式变压器的故障诊
断与定位技术的研究决定着变电站智能化建设的成败。
目前比较成熟的变压器故障诊断算法主要依托于绝缘油中溶解的特征气体含量
的变化。这类比值诊断算法准确率比较高、可操作性很强,但也存在误判、漏判的情
况。本文在充分分析了当前国内外变压器故障诊断算法的发展状况和存在的问题的情
况下,提出了模糊诊断与规则推理相结合的故障综合诊断算法。该算法依托于三比值
诊断算法,将模糊数学理论运用于三比值算法进行模糊诊断,并用规则推理对初步诊
断结果进行验证,最大程度地防止出现误判和漏判的情况。
本文还对变压器局放故障定位进行了研究。当前,随着变压器容量增大,变压器
结构越来越复杂,维护的周期与成本越来越高,因此准确的定位出故障的部位对设备
维护人员有重要意义,可以大大缩短维护的周期和成本。本文先分析了当前故障定位
的主要方法以及存在的问题,然后介绍了超声波故障定位和电气故障定位的原理和方
法。本文的故障定位方法主要针对的是变压器常见的局放故障,具有较高的定位精度
和准确度,若能借助计算机技术,将很强的实用价值。

关键词:变压器,故障诊断,故障定位,模糊诊断,规则推理,超声波定位,电气定
位
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华中科技大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
With the rapid economic development, the demand for electricity of all walks of life
in our country is increasing day by day. The security and stability of the grid is essential to
the national economy. Construction of ‘strong’ smart grid goal has been proposed by our
country. And as an important part of the Smart Grid, the intelligentized transformer
substation is very important. The research of diagnosis and location technology of large
oil-immersed transformers determines the ess or failure of realization of the
intelligentized transformer substation.
Currently, the use of a wide range of fault diagnosis algorithm mainly relies on the
content changes of the characteristic gas which is dissolved in the insulation oil. This kind
of ratio diagnosis algorithm has high accuracy and good operability, but it also has the case
of error or missing diagnosis. In this thesis, after full analyzing the development state and
the problems of the current transformer fault diagnosis algorithm, the algorithm for fault
diagnosis which is bination of fuzzy diagnosis and rule-based reasoning proposed.
The algorithm relies on three ratio diagnostic algorithms. In this algorithm, fuzzy theory is
applie