正常组织和器官的放射损伤
齐斌
广医肿瘤医院
2017年11月
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细胞和组织
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放射效应
细胞杀伤效应
炎性因子介导效应
腹部放疗后几小时内发生的恶心、呕吐
大面积照射后的疲劳
颅脑放疗数小时后发生的嗜睡
辐射诱导的急性炎症和脉管渗漏所导致的的组织急性水肿和皮肤红斑
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损伤反应的影响因素
细胞本身的放射敏感性
组织、细胞群动力学
细胞构成组织的方式
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BT定律
Bergonie和Tribondeau定律
组织如果由低分化细胞构成,且具有更大的增殖能力和更快的分裂能力,则其放射敏感性较强
1906年提出
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早期反应和晚期反应
早期(急性)反应 early (acute) effects
α/β 值高
组织更新较快(成熟细胞的寿命较短)
几天或者几周内
皮肤表皮层、肠胃上皮细胞、造血系统
快速修复、完全修复、源于干细胞的迅速增殖
晚期反应
对分割剂量敏感
数月或数年
肺、肾、心脏、肝、中枢神经系统
不能修复或完全修复;源于血管和实质细胞的损伤
继发晚期反应(consequential late effect)
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功能性亚单位(FSUs)
解剖上符合(肾单位、肝小叶、肺泡)
解剖上不具有相应结构(皮肤、黏膜、脊髓)
根据器官的功能设想其结构具有功能亚单位 functional subunits, FSUs
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Relationship between dose and probability of complications for different types of normal tissues. Curve A relates to a normal tissue in which the functional subunits are not arranged serially regardless of whether one or all subunits are exposed (., regardless of fi eld size). It also applies to a normal tissue in which functional subunits are arranged serially if only one subunit is exposed (., if the fi eld is small). Note that the curve is relatively shallow (., the probability of a complication rises relatively slowly with dose). Curves B and C refer to a tissue with serially a rranged functional subunits; the complication curve gets steeper and moves to lower doses as the treatment fi eld size increases. For example, curves B and C, respectively, relate to 4 or 16 functional subunits exposed. (Note that the position of the curves in relation to the abscissae is arbitrary, resulting from two assumptions: that there is an e ffective D0 of 4 Gy for a survival curve for cells exposed to multiple doses of 2 Gy, and that 58 Gy in 2-Gy fractions sterilizes 10% of the functional subunits.) (Adapted from Withers HR, Taylor JMG, Maciejewski B. Treatment volume and tissue tolerance. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1988;14:751–759, with permission.)
FSUs的排列:链式;非链式(串联;并联;混合)
体积和剂量阈值
耐受剂量 tolerance dose:产生临床可
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