Bioresource Technology 102 (2011) 3488–3497
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Bioresource Technology
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The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at
different temperatures
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Jin-Hua Yuan a,c, Ren-Kou Xu a, , Hong Zhang b
a State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, . Box 821, Nanjing, China
b Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN 38505-0001, USA
c Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
article info abstract
Article history: The forms of alkalis of the biochars produced from the straws of canola, corn, soybean and peanut at dif-
Received 11 August 2010 ferent temperatures (300, 500 and 700 °C) were studied by means of oxygen-limited pyrolysis. The alka-
Received in revised form 2 November 2010 linity and pH of the biochars increased with increased pyrolysis temperature. The X-ray diffraction
Accepted 3
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