罗森财政学复习资料（双语版）
Unified budget: The document which itemizes all the federal government’s expenditures and revenues.
统一预算： 联邦政府在一种文件中将其支出逐项列出的文件
Regulatory budget: an annual statement of the costs imposed on the economy by government regulations
管制预算： 政府管制对经济产生的成本
Entitlement programs: programs whose expenditures are determined by the number of people who qualify ,rather than preset budget allocations.
公民权利性计划： （是指有关社会保障、公共福利计划、农产品价格维持等法律规定受益人和收益数额的政府支出项目）项目的成本不是由固定的美元数额来决定，而是由符合条件的人的数量决定。
Substitution effect :the tendency of an individual to consume more of one good and less of another because of a decrease in the price of the former relative to the latter.
替代效应：是指一种商品价格的变化所引起的使消费者调整该种商品与其他商品需求量比例的效应。
Income effect : the effect of a price change the quantity demanded due exclusively to the fact that the consmer’s income has changed
收入效应：收入效应指由商品的价格变动所引起的实际收入水平变动，进而由实际收入水平变动所引起的商品需求量的变动。
Welfare economics: the branch of economic theory concerned with the social desirability of alternative economic states.
福利经济学：研究各种经济状态的社会合意性的经济理论的一个分支
Pareto efficient : an allocation of resource such that no person can be made better off without making another person worse off.
帕累托效率：要使一个人的境况变好，唯一的办法就是使另一个人的境况变坏
Pareto improvement: a reallocation of resources that makes at least one person better off without making anyone else worse off.
对在不使其他任何人境况变坏的情况下使某人的境况变好的资源进行重新配置
Pure
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