Chapter 4 Manifestations of toxic effects In this chapter, we will learn: 1 The concept of allergenicity 2 The types of syndromes following toxicity Period 2 1 Neurotoxicity (1) Damage to blood-brain barrier Cardiac arrestor rupture of critical blood vessels Hemorrhage or thrombosis Decreased blood supply① Cyanide poisoning in the heart Severe hypotension Diminish in brainblood supply② Oxidants such as nitrites interfere with oxygen transport③ Fe2+ Nitrites [O] Fe3+ methemoglobinemia The three effects above may cause oxygen scarce (2) Damage to neuronal structures (3) Interference with neurotransmission (4) Damage to central nervous system (5) Loss of integrative functions 2 Hepatoxicity Liver bear the toxic substances,first-pass effect Liver damage includes inflammation, necrosis, Damage or changes in anelles such as ER, mitochondria 3 Nephrotoxicity Kidney has more chance for toxicity because 20-25% blood out of heart pass through kidneys. Changes of pH value in kidney renders some substances more toxic 4 Hematotoxicity Anemia Methemoglobinemia Polycythemia pancytopenia 5 Skeletal toxicity Interference with bone metabolism Hormones Radioactive and other toxic metals
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