曹操.doc

曹操摘要: 曹操的人物形象是《三国演义》研究的重要课题之一。关于这一课题的研究, 如从上个世纪算起,迄今已历百年,百年来,研究者就曹操性格的复杂性和丰富性等问题,展开过比较热烈的讨论,今天,重新梳理这些研究成果, 不仅有助于加深对《三国演义》中的曹操与历史人物曹操的理解和认识, 有助于推动《三国演义》研究的进一步开展, 而且对于如何正确地研究、评价历史小说中的人物形象等, 也是不乏启迪意义的。本文用“善恶并举,有贬有褒”、“主次变换,重心转移”、“善恶难辨, 亦美亦丑”三部分, 详细的论证了曹操性格的二重性、流动性和模糊性。关键词: 曹操人物形象善恶并举有贬有褒善恶难辨亦美亦丑 Content abstract: Cao Cao's character image is one of important topics which "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" this topic research, like calculates from a on century, until now has undergone for hundred years, for hundred years, the researcher on Cao Cao questions and so on plexity and rich, has launched the quite warm discussion, today, combs these research results, not only is helpful to the deepening to "the Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Cao Cao and the historical personage Cao Cao's understanding and the understanding, is helpful in impels the further development which "the Romance of the Three Kingdoms" studies, how moreover regarding correctly studies, in the appraisal historical novel character image and so on, also is many inspiration article uses "Good and evil developing simultaneously "," Has censures has praises "," Primary and secondary transformation "," Center of gravity shift ", "The good and evil difficult to distinguish" ," Also beautiful also ugly ", three parts, detailed proof Cao Cao disposition duality, fluidity and fuzziness. Key word: Cao Cao character image Good and evil developing simultaneously Has censures has praises The good and evil difficult to distinguish Also beautiful also ugly 罗贯中《三国演义》中的曹操, 本是封建统治阶级营垒中一个性格复杂而又统一的乱世英雄。但历来被视为“奸贼的典型”。毛宗岗斥之为“一生奸伪, 如鬼如蜮”,“是千古第一奸雄”。在把《三国演义》搬上荧屏的今天, 还有很多人还把曹操当做反面人物加以贬斥, 就是中国社科院文研所《中国文学史》也认为“曹操奸诈, 一举一动都露出一副奸诈相”, 这些看法, 把一个本来血肉丰满、真实可信的艺术形象简单化、绝对化了, 大大降低了古典名著《三国演义》实际上已经达到的美学高度。学术界虽有人早已意识到曹操性格的复杂性,但其所论,往往是把“奸雄”二字释为又“奸”又“雄”,对所谓“奸”与“雄”,即“奸诈性格”与“雄才大略”两个方面, 进行一些机械的、静态的罗列,因而也未能很好阐明曹操性格的复杂性。一、美恶并举有贬有褒刘备曾说:“今与吾水火相敌者, 曹操也。操以急,吾以宽; 操以暴,吾以仁;操以谲,吾以忠,每与操相反, 事乃可成耳。”为使曹操与刘备在这些方面形成鲜明对照,《三国演义》确实写了不少曹操的急、暴、