ORIGINAL ARTICLE Chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with chronic enterovirus infection of the stomach John K S Chia, Andrew Y Chia ............................................................................................................................... .... See end of article for authors’ affiliations ........................ Correspondence to: Dr John K S Chia, EV Med Research, LLC, 25332 Narbonne Ave # 170, Lomita, CA 90717, USA; evmed@ Accepted 9 July 2007 ........................ J Clin Pathol 2007; 0:1–6. doi: .050054 Background and Aims: The aetiology for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remains elusive although enteroviruses have been implicated as one of the causes by a number of studies. Since most CFS patients have persistent or intermittent gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, the presence of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1), enterovirus (EV) RNA and culturable virus in the stomach biopsy specimens of patients with CFS was evaluated. Methods: 165 consecutive patients with CFS underwent upper GI endoscopies and antrum biopsies. Immunoperoxidase staining was performed using EV-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) or a control mAb specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV). RT-PCR ELISA was performed on RNA extracted from paraffin sections or samples preserved in RNA later. Biopsies from normal stomach and other gastric diseases served as controls. 75 samples were
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