主谓一致“三原则”.doc

主谓一致“三原则”
所谓主谓一致就是谓语须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。通常说来，主语和谓语一致须遵循以下“三原则”。
【语法一致原则】
1. 单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：
Who is your English teacher?
To learn English well is not easy.
2. 用and和both ... and连接的并
列主语，其谓语动词一般用复数形式。例如：
Zhang Hua and Li Ming are good students.
Both bread and milk were sold out in that grocery (食杂店).
【温馨提示】并列主语如果指的是同一个人、事物或概念，其谓语动词用单数形式，此时后一个名词前不加冠词。例如：A teacher and writer is coming to our school tomorrow.
【注意】由and连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no, many a等修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
In China each boy and each girl has the right to go to school.
，尽管后面跟as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, with, along with, together with, like, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。
，其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致。例如：
Some of the energy that is used by man nowadays comes from the atom.
。如clothes, scissors, trousers, glasses等作主语时，谓语动词须用复数形式。例如：The trousers are mine.
【注意】这些名词前有a pair of修饰时，谓语动词则用单数形式。
6. 短语“more than +数词＋复数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词须用复数形式。但“more than one＋名词”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。“more+复数名词＋than one”用作主语时，其谓语常用复数形式。例如：
More than 200 people have attended the concert.
More than one person has voted (投票) against him.
More students than one were punished.
7. 如果主语是“a kind of ＋名词”，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：
This kind of men is dangerous.
Men of this kind are dangerous.
【注意】这两个句子的主语部分中心词不同，前者为this kind (单数),故用is；后者