The Case for a Comprehensive Approach : How NATO Can Combat Chinese and Russian Political Warfare Kathleen J. McInnis and Clementine G. Starling The Scowcroft Center for Strategy and Security works to develop sustainable, nonpartisan strategies to address the most important security challenges facing the United States and the world. The Center honors General Brent Scowcroft’s legacy of service and embodies his ethos of nonpartisan commitment to the cause of security, support for US leadership in cooperation with allies and partners, and dedication to the mentorship of the next generation of leaders. The Scowcroft Center’s Transatlantic Security Initiative brings together top policymakers, government and military officials, business leaders, and experts from Europe and North America to share insights, strengthen cooperation, and develop innovative approaches to the key challenges facing NATO and the transatlantic community. This publication was produced in partnership with the Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs in close cooperation with the Permanent Mission of Switzerland to NATO. The Case for a Comprehensive Approach : How NATO Can Combat Chinese and Russian Political Warfare Kathleen J. McInnis and Clementine G. Starling ISBN-13: 978-1-61977-182-6 This report is written and published in accordance with the Atlantic Council Policy on Intellectual Independence. The au- thors are solely responsible for its analysis and recommendations. The Atlantic Council and its donors do not determine, nor do they necessarily endorse or advocate for, any of this report’s conclusions. June 2021 The Case for a Comprehensive Approach : How NATO Can Combat Chinese and Russian Political Warfare Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction: The Wasp and the Orb Spider 3 Political versus Hybrid War
