At some point in its lifetime a facility is likely to be renovated, either to renew obsolete systems or change its use. For example, during the late 1800s many New England mill buildings were constructed to house a growing manufacturing industry. As the economy changed from manufacturing to service, these buildings outlived their usefulness. Many were bought by developers for reuse as housing. Because of the span of the structural elements required for a mill operation, they made attractive residential units; and since often they were located along a river (a transportation advantage for moving materials), the site was also desirable.
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To be use as housing, however, the interior of the buildings had to be entirely gutted. New systems had to be installed, the façade had to be repaired and windows replaced, and the roofing system had to be renewed. Although it was not new construction, the facility now began a new life span.
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Initiation of the Project
All construction activity is the result of basic economic demand. Individual consumers have ongoing needs for homes, stores, roads, manufacturing plants, and similar facilities that provide food, shelter, and other goods and services to meet the needs of daily life.
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Specific construction projects arise because corporations or government bodies recognize the need for facilities to serve this demand and act to create them. Construction activity tends to foster further construction activity. For example, a large automobile manufacturing corporation may decide to build a facility to assemble cars in a region that will provide good transportation options.
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Home builders recognize that this region is likely to grow in population and that the workers needed for the manufacturing plant will be shopping for shelter here. At the same time, grocery chains, d
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