属下能说话吗.pdf

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社会
属下能说话吗 2010· 1
CJS
“诉苦文类”的民族志批评第 30卷
马丹丹
摘要:本文回顾了“诉苦”的中国经验,以诉苦文类涵盖丰富的诉苦文本,意
不在诉苦本身,而是透过诉苦的权力谱系开展民族志批评,指出诉苦权力塑
造的主体性包含的被占有支配能量,吸附了庶民研究者与主体欲望同构的缓
冲地带。尽管如此,由于民族志批评者的寄生性,诉苦谱系的节点拆解了封
闭的现代性寓言,苦痛的延展使得属下呈现出差异性、延迟性的庶民性裂痕,
从而揭示知识分子“中介化”的困境。
关键词:属下僭越诉苦
M ay the Suba ltern Have a Vo ice : A Cr itica l Rev iew of
the“B itterness Expressing”Genre
Ma Dandan
Abstract: The author has reviewed the special genre of“bitterness exp ressing”in
the Chinese experience. This genre covers a variety of bitterness exp ressing
narratives, the purpose of which is not for discharging bitterness itself but for
criticizing the national genealogy via the “bitterness exp ressing ” genre. The
controlling energy of the possessed entailed in the major identity cultivated by the
bitterness exp ressing power has taken in a buffered region co constructed by the
researchers of the subaltern and the desire of the major identity. Nevertheless, due
to the critics of the national genealogy being dependent, the nodes in the
“bitterness exp ressing ” genre dismantling the enclosed modern fables, the
extended sufferings differentiating the subaltern, and the division of the civilian
being delayed, the p redicament of the intellectuals’“intermediation”has thus
been revealed.
作者:马丹丹上海大学人类学研究所(Author:Ma Dandan, Iustitute of Anthropology, Shang
hai University) E mail: tangdi@ shu. edu. cn
本文系上海高校选拔培养优秀青年教师课题“文明的防御边界:寨墙与长城的‘中间地
带’田野考察”(2009 2011)的部分成果。
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© 1994-2010 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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社会· 2010· 1
Keywords: the subaltern, “bitterness exp ressing”, transgression
缘起
豫北匪患的研究暂告段落, 2009年的年初,笔者踏上了返乡之路,
亦即第三次田野回访。一个始终萦绕在脑海中的问题是: 1949 年以
后,豫北土匪的下落如何? 笔者查阅了“镇反”档案,在与细节的对照
中,发现了口述资料、地方志的“清流”迹象,提出了“文献积淀层”的概
念。这次返乡的经历,让笔者醒悟到,尽管依旧是日常生活微弱的常态,
在“说话”的背后潜伏着的神经症候———“镇反”的历史记忆,从土改、大
跃进、文革、改革开放⋯⋯社会主义道路隐没、撤出,却并未消失,它潜伏
在“镇反”遗留的身份政治的表象下,积留在患者的神经症候中。历史的
节点从哪里开始断流———诉苦就成为瞩目的