which-在定语从句中的用法.doc

which-在定语从句中的用法
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    Is this the factory which / that produces all kinds of washing machines? （ which / that 在定语从句中作主语，指代前面的 the factory ）这就是生产各种洗衣机的那家工厂吗？
    I often think of the days which / that we spent together on the seaside. （ which / that 在定语从句中作宾语，指代 the days ，此时可省略。）我经常想起我们一起在海滩度过的日子。
    The river where I used to swim is now seriously polluted.
    （ where 在定语从句中作状语， where = in which = in the river ）我过去常去游泳的那条河现在已被严重地污染了。
    I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
    （ when 在定语从句中作状语， when = on which = on the day ）我仍然记得我第一次来北京的日子。
    总结：在表示时间或地点的名词后面，选择何种关系词，应看它们在从句中的作用，即在从句中充当什么成份。如果在定语从句中充当时间或地点状语，就该用 when 或 where ；如果在定语从句中充当主语或宾语等，则应用 which / that 。
    6. 引导非限制性定语从句关系代词 which, as 的选择。
    关系代词 as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时可以用整个句子作为先行词，指代上文或下文所说的一件事。
    He said he'd been working in the office for an hour, which / as was true.
    他说他一直在办公室工作了一个小时，这是真的。
    总结：
    （ 1 ） Which 指前面主句所提到的这件事，常译为“这件事，这一点”等； as 具有“正如、像、由……而知、与……一致”的意思。
    He was elected mayor of the city, which made us happy.
    他被选为这个市的市长，这使我们很高兴。
    As we expected, he didn't appear at the party.
    正如我们所预料，他没有在聚会上出现。
    （ 2 ） Which 在句法上一般用作实义动词的主语，这时它所引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列、因果关系；句法上， as 常作一些实义动词（如 see, know, report, watch, remember, say, tell, show, expert, guess 等）的宾语。
    I bought my sister a big toy, which （ = and that ）