高考英语语法必备总结.doc

- .
- ..
一、冠词
冠词分为不定冠词〔a, an〕，定冠词〔the〕，和零冠词。
I. 不定冠词的用法
1
指一类人或事，相当于a kind of
A plane is a machine that can fly.
2
第一次提及某人某物，非特指
A boy is waiting for 。
3
表示“每一〞相当于every，one
We study eight hours a day.
4
表示“一样〞相当于the same
We are nearly of an age.
5
用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事
— Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?
—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.
A. 不填B. a C. the D. one
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.〔活雷锋〕
6
用于固定词组中
a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time
7
用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后
This room is rather a big one.
8
用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后
She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
9
用于抽象名词具体化的名词前
success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化)成功的人或事
a failure 失败的人或事a shame 带来耻辱的人或事
a pity 可惜或遗憾的事a must 必需必备的事
a good knowledge of 精通掌握某一方面的知识
- .
- ..
II. 定冠词的用法
1
表示某一类人或物
In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation.
A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the
2
用于世上独一无二的事物名词前
the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
3
表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事
Would you mind opening the door?
4
用于演奏乐器
play the violin, play the guitar
5
用于形容词和分词前表示一类人
the reach, the living, the wounded
6
表示“一家人〞或“夫妇〞〔比照上文的不定冠词用法5〕
—Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please?
—Sorry, we don’t have ____ Johnson here in the village.
A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; /
7
用于