“大分流”还是“大合流”：明清时期历史趋势文明史观.doc

“大分流”还是“大合流”:明清时期历史趋势的文明史观赵轶峰【专题名称】明清史【专题号】 K24 【复印期号】 2005 年03期【原文出处】《东北师大学报:哲社版》(长春)2005 年 01期第 42~ 48页【英文标题】“ Great Divergence ” or“ Great Mergence ”:a Perspective of Civilization Studies on the Historical Trend of China during the Ming- Qing Period ZHAO Yi-feng The Institute for Ming and Qing Studies,Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024,China 【作者简介】东北师范大学明清史研究所,吉林长春 130024 赵轶峰(1953 —) ,男,内蒙古开鲁人,东北师范大学明清史研究所教授,博士生导师,加拿大埃尔伯塔大学历史学博士。【内容提要】美国学者彭慕兰的“大分流”说具有纯经济学的类型比较意义,但缺乏历史学上的意义,在分析 16至 19 世纪中国历史动态趋势中显现出诸多盲点。在由西欧率先发动起来的工业化发展起来以前,中国与西欧的历史,或者社会体系,或者文明运动有接触和相互关联性但却从来也没有“合流”,因而其后的“分流”是并不存在的;反倒是 16 世纪以后西欧的世界性扩张导致了 19 世纪以来欧洲与中国社会体制趋同的倾向;这种趋向使中国的社会历史运动、社会组织体系乃至文化形态与西欧具有了巨大的相似性和可融和性。在考察 16至 19 世纪中国历史与世界历史的关系时,文明史研究的观念与方法有不可忽视的意义。 American scholar h Pomeranz's “ Great Divergence ” theory provided an attractive ecoonomic perspective on Chinese terms of historical interpretation,however,it is narrow and the full development of industrialization initialed by the Western Europe,the historical trends,social systems,and civilization movement of China and those of the Western Europe had never reached a non-divided point;therefore, the so called “ great divergence ” between China and Western Europe in the 19th century did not ever ,It was the worldwide expansion of the Western Europe,which included but not limited to industrialization,forced t