养老保险.pptx.pptx

养老保险 1 Sources: Expenditure data from Social Security Trustees [2006]. CPI data from Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. GDP data from Department merce's Bureau of Economic Analysis. 23为什么要有社会保障? ?消费平滑和年金市场?养老保险的运行原理:工作期间缴费,退休后按期领取养老金?具有年金的特性:生存年金?目的在于平滑消费?逆选择和年金市场?年金市场的信息不对称?逆选择:寿命长的人更愿意购买年金保险。导致市场失灵。 3 4需要社会保障的其他理由?个人短时和政府的父爱主义?道德风险:个人和制度之间的博弈?管理成本?收入再分配?改善老年人生活状况 4 5养老保险制度安排:个人账户制 Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 contribute benefits contribute benefits contribute benefits The Greatest Generation The Baby Boom Generation Generation X Work Retire Dead Unborn Work Work Retire Still Dead Dead Childhood Childhood Retire Each generation ’s benefits based on deposits it made during working life plus accumulated interest 56 Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 The Greatest Generation The Baby Boom Generation Generation X Work Retire Dead Unborn Work Work Retire Still Dead Dead Childhood Childhood Retire contribute benefits contribute benefits contribute benefits benefits 养老保险制度安排:现收现付制( Pay As You Go ) Each generation ’s e from tax payments made by current workers 67 Period 1 Period 2 Period 3 Period 4 The Greatest Generation The Baby Boom Generation Generation X Work Retire Dead Unborn Work Work Retire Still Dead Dead Childhood Childhood Retire contribute benefits contribute benefits contribute benefits benefits 部分个人账户制(上述两种安排的混合) Baby Boomers and Gen X are also contributing to their own retirement 78养老金?怎样计算养老金(美国的情况) ? AIME (Average Indexed Monthly Earnings) – average monthly earnings in 35 highest paid years ? Wages indexed for inflation ? Ceiling on AIME – up to tax ceiling 89养老金结构 If AIME < $656 ? PIA = .90 * AIME If $656< AIME <$3955 ? PIA = .90 * $656 + .32 * (AIME - $656) If AIME > $3955 ? PIA = .90 * $656 + .32 * ($3955-$656) + .15 * (AIME - $3955) First Bend Point Second Bend Point 9 10 养老金调整? Annual inflation adjustment ? Age at which benefit is drawn ? Normal retirement age ? Early