台湾语言.ppt

台灣語言源流、演變 kap 特色李勤岸 1. Austroasiatic Origin in Taiwanese Form kang (江)tang (童)tamkiá n Gloss ‘river ’*‘shama n’‘wet ’‘son ’ Other Related Austroasiatics S?ng < *krong (Vietnamese) krung (Mon) krou1ng (Brou) ? dóng (Vietnamese) dong (Mon) d ?ng (Santali) dong- (Sora) ddam/dd àm (Vietnamese) con (Vietnamese) kon (Mon) kou1n (Khmer) kon (Bahnar) Ancient Chinese Lexical Layer Layer Qin-Han South Dynasty Late Tang 席tshi ?h (tsh áu-tshi ?h ‘grass mat ’)si?h (i an-si ?h ‘feast ’)si?k (ts ú-si?k ‘chairperson ’) 方Png (surname) hng (s ì-hng ‘everywhere ’)hong (hong-hi òng ‘direction ’) and Political Powers in Taiwan History Period -1624 1624-1661 1626- 1642 *1661-1683 Political Power Tribal society Dutch colonialism Spanish colonialism Koxinga colonialism Spoken Languages Austronesian Austronesian, Taiwanese, Hakka, Dutch, Spanish Austronesian, Taiwanese, Hakka, Spanish, Dutch Austronesian, Taiwanese, Hakka Writing Systems Unknown Sinkang written form Classical Chinese Sinkang written form Classical Chinese Sinkang written form Classical Chinese 1683-1895 1895-1945 1945-2000 Qing colonialism Japanese colonialism Chinese colonialism (KMT) Austronesian, Taiwanese, Hakka Austronesian, Hakka, Taiwanese, Japanese Austronesian, Taiwanese, Hakka, Mandarin Sinkang written form Classical Chinese Taiwanese koa- á-chheh Taiwanese P ?h-?e- j?Japanese Classical Chinese Taiwanese (in Hanji) Taiwanese P ?h-?e- j?Kana-Taiwanese Mandarin Taiwanese Hakka Austronesian 4. Taiwanese Place Names with Austronesian Origin Austronesian Bangka ?*‘canoe ’ Pattsiran ‘spring ’ Rou1tong ‘monkey ’ Bari ‘plain ’ Earlier Han Immigrants 艋舺‘canoe ’八芝蘭‘kind of orchid in the forest ’老懂‘old understanding ’貓裡‘inside a wild cat ’ Japanes e萬華**士林羅東苗栗 Nationalist Chinese 萬華“Wanhua ”‘ten thousand flowers ’士林“Shilin ”‘scholar ’s forest ’羅東“Luodong ”‘’苗栗“Miaoli ”‘ Miao tribe ’s chestnut ’5. Siraya Origin