伤情评估和战场伤员分类课件.ppt

伤情评估和战场伤员分类
Mass casualties
Any large number of casualties produced in a relatively short period of time, usually as the result of a single incident such as a military aircraft accident, hurricane, flood, earthquake, or armed attack, that exceeds local logistical support capabilities.
The term mass casualties means that a large number of casualties has been produced simultaneously or within a relatively short period of time.
It also means that the number of patients requiring medical care exceeds the medical capability to provide treatment in a timely manner.
An absolute disparity exists between the number of patients, the available medical resources and timely treatment.
Mass casualty situation
A mass casualty situation is present when one combat medic is confronted with two critically injured patients at the same time.
With a large number of casualties, the disparity may be multiplied many times; this greatly disrupts the doctrinal approach to treatment and evacuation.
In addition to the treatment and evacuation of a large number of military and civilian casualties, problems may occur from disruptions in the supply, communication, and transportation systems.
“在包扎所内最关键是伤员优先分类, 然后对全部伤员合理配置医疗救护工作, 比起仓促慌忙上手术好得多, 后者仅只能救活不多伤员。”
——[俄]皮洛果夫
（涂通今主译）: 野战外科学, , 2005年10月
什么是伤情评定？
伤情评定是指在战场上利用简明应急诊疗技术, 快速地对伤员情况进行初步判定, 进而以量化标准来判定伤员损伤严重程度, 从而指导战场伤员分类救治, 估计战伤结局以及评定救治质量。
一、伤情评定方法
院前评分
院内救治和创伤研究评分
伤 情 损伤程度 治愈时间 预后 百分比
轻 伤 软组织伤 30天内 良好 40%
中等伤 广泛软组织伤、 60天内 部分伤员机能 35%
上肢骨折、通常脏器伤 障碍, 影响归队
重 伤 伤情严重、 60天以上 严重残废 25%
有生命危险 或后遗症
伤势分度与百分比
院前指数（Pre-hospital index, PHI）
指标
0
1
2
3
4
5
SBP(KPa)
>
-
10-
0-
脉搏(次/分)
51-119