近代华东地区乡村共同体研究.pdf

摘要中文摘要 Y2387434 乡村研究是区域社会经济史的重要课题之一。华东地区乡村与华北地区相比,一个重要特征为宗族聚居。在近代,由于地理区域条件优势,华东乡村开始步入了由血缘共同体走向地缘共同体的历程。这一转化表现在多个方面:在文化教育方面,内神祭祀与外神祭祀相博弈,乡村教育从旧学迈向新学,如宗祠用以建立新式小学;其次,由于基层权力的变化及官方对族田的态度转变,族长权威不断被削弱,宗族内人为的不平等受到挑战;再者,一部分乡村女性也开始试着挣脱夫权笼罩,或外出做工,或参军,这对家族下的单位——家庭内部的两性僵化打开了缺口。在近代华东地区乡村文化、政治、经济和社会的宏观分析框架下, 笔者以无锡惠山区村前村为微观考察对象,分析村前村大姓胡氏一族在近代的更新:创办无锡近代最早的乡村新学,族产在创办新学的过程中不断衰落;在宗族两性方面,胡氏家族走出许多知识女性,呼吁女性自强,并出现了新时代的革命女性。从宏观到微观,都显示着近代华东地区突破血缘,村庄共同体开始崛起。伴随中华人民共和国的成立,乡村中的宗族土崩瓦解。近年来,江西、福建等地续族谱、拜祖先等宗族活动兴起,这不是宗族势力对乡村的再度包围,丽是在商品大潮之下,频繁流动的乡民对乡土的追忆和对温暖的需求。关键词:华东乡村,血缘,地缘,衰减,构建 Abstract Abstract Chinese munity research is amost criticaltopic inthecategory of regional society andeconomy pared withnorthChina,rural people of eastlivedinthe China,counties of eastbegan tochange over their course by virtue ofgeography altered from kindred consanguinity manifestations couldbesummed up asfollows: from theaspect ofcultureand worship had a contest with local gods,and new learning blended example,numerous clantemples weretransformed intocontemporary authority ofpatriarch decreased partly due totheappearance of new grass—anizations,and thefactmay contribute tothealterationthatclanfieldsfell to on weakness of patriarch’Sauthority would ease theinequality among ,many ofrural women gradually got ridofthemalesuperiorityby methods ofworking infactories or joining ,it weakened thetraditional low view of women in family(which ponent).This paper analyzes thecounties ofEastern China totheframework ofsociocultural,political andeconomic ismore, Cun Qian Village istaken as an inspectionsubject from themicrocosmic Hu family was thebiggest claninthisvillage,which renewed itselfinmodem times. Hu surname ones established thefirstruralschool inWu part ofclanfields were usedforthedevelopment ofruralschool,SOfewer clanfields were