伊拉克的认同关系与国家认同的形成.pdf

内容摘要伊拉克的群体类型众多、关系复杂不是一个新近的现象,然而有关伊拉克的认同关系问题,一直以来都没有得到充分的讨论。因此从认同关系的角度探讨伊拉克重建陷入困境的原因,为解决该问题提供了一条有益的道路。根据民主化建设的次序理论,伊拉克重建问题上的根本障碍是伊拉克国家认同没有形成。为了分析伊拉克国家认同没有形成的原因,文章将伊拉克内部认同在国家和次国家两个层次上进行划分,并进一步区分了次国家认同中的家族部落、宗教派系、族群这三个认同类型,然后以国家认同和次国家认同的关系为切入点,研究了伊拉克历史上的几个重大事件,发现了各次国家认同对国家认同的形成具有不同程度的影响,其中族群认同对国家认同形成的破坏作用最大;与此同时,伊拉克前政府歧视性的内部政策强化了各次国家认同,是造成伊拉克国家认同没有形成的另一个原因,从而从上、下两个维度解释伊拉克国家认同未形成原因的理论架构。随后,在温特的超国家集体认同形成理论的基础上,结合前文的两个维度的框架,构建了本文的国家认同形成理论。最后,从伊拉克国家认同的角度,论述了美国在伊拉克战后重建过程中出现的政策失误,并提出了保障伊拉克国家认同形成的必要条件。【关键词】:伊拉克国家认同族群认同家族认同宗教认同【中文图书分类号】:D73/77 Abstract InIraq,it is not aneonatal phenomenon thatthere are many categories ofgroup plicated relalions among ,the relations between different identitygroups ofIraq have notbeen discussed trying toprobe intotheplight ofIraqi reconstruction from theangle ofidentity provides auseful approach toresolve thisproblem. According toSequence Theory ofdemocratization,the ultimate impediment in theprocess ofIraqi democratization imputed to afragmentary national order toanalyze the reason for aflawedIraqiidentity,this articledelaminates the internal identity of Iraq to two levels—一——national and sub· distinguishes familial identity,religional identity and ethnic identity on the sub—national studies the relatiORS between national and sub-nailonal identities with looking back at themomentous events inIraqihistory,consequently finds thedifferentinfluences thatvarious identifies react on the formation of Iraqi national identity and how the discriminative intemal policy intensified identities,and thenbuilds atheoretical framework withtwo dimensions from upwards and downwards toexplain thereason forunshaped Iraqi nationalidentity. Based on thetheory offorming a supranational identity,this dissertation, whereaffer,constructs itsown theory offormation bining the previous two-dimensionfiamework,eventually addresses theimproper policy made byBush administratio