初中英语基础语法.doc

一般现在时一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一, 是初中英语语法重点。它表示 1) 经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。 . I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2) 表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。 . He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3) 表示客观真理 . There are seven days ina week. The moon moves round the earth. 其结构按正常语序,即“主语+ 谓语+ 其它”,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前. 其句式变化可分为两种情况 1) 表示动作, 一般人称作主语的, 变否定句须在动词前加助动词 don ’t; 变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词 do。 . They have lunch at 12:00. They don ’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00? 2 )单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词 doesn ’t ;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词 does 。 . Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesn ’t speak English very well. Does Jenny speak English very well? 含有 be 动词的要在 be 上做变化. . Danny isa good student. Danny isn ’ta good student. Is Danny a good student? 其时间状语为 often 、 usually 、 always 、 sometimes 等频率副词, on Saturdays 、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、 every day 等。学生常见错误如下: 一、 be 动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例: We are plant (plant) the trees in spring. 答案: plant 解析: 学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译, 就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的, 要看语法是不是正确, 在英语中, be 是表状态, do 是表动作, 两种动词不能同时出现在句子中, 可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异, be、 do 不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。”自我检测: (一)、单选 1 Jenny ____ in an office. Her parents ____in a hospital. A work; works B works; work C work; are working D is working; work 2 One of the boys_____ a black hat. A have B there isC there are D has 3 We will go shopping if it____ tomorrow. A don't rain Bdidn't rain Cdoesn't rain Disn't rain 4 He said the sun ____in the east and ____in the west. A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets 5 Wang Mei ____ music and often ____ to music. A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen 6 Jenny____ English every evening. A has study B studies C study D studied 答案: 1B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B (二) 、填空 1I can take Li Ming there when he _____ ( come) to visit. 2 _____your sister_____(know)English? 3Her home____ _____ ______( 远离)her school. 4The pot_____(not look) like yours very much. 5 Where _____you____(have)lunch every day? 6 Who_____( 想要)to go swimming? 7 ______she____