not的多种用法.doc

一. not 的位置 1. not 可以置于 be 动词、情态动词及助动词之后,构成否定句。除了 am和 not , may 和 not 不能合写之外,其余的一般都可以和 not 合写。例如: (1)Heisnot (isn't )aman togive things upeasily. 他不是一个随便放弃的人。(2)Hecan not (cannot, can't )speak Chinese aswell asTom. 他的汉语没有汤姆讲得那么好。(3)You did not (didn't )know how worried Iwas about you atthat time. 你不知道那时我是多么地担心你! 注: had better dosth, would rather dosth, would like todosth. 和be about todosth. 的否定形式分别是 had better not dosth, would rather not dosth, would like not todosth. 和beabout not todosth ;used to 的否定形式是 usedn't to或didn't use to。例如: (4)You'd better not eat too much chocolate, oryou'll get too fat. 你最好不要吃太多的巧克力,否则身体会发胖的。(5)Iwould rather not accept his present. 我宁愿不要他的礼物。 2. not 可以置于分词、不定式和动名词之前,构成非谓语动词的否定形式。例如: (1)Not having received any reply from Tom, Mary decided towrite to him again. 由于没收到汤姆的回音,玛丽决定再给他写封信。(2)Hekept silent over the matter inorder not tolose his job. 他对这件事保持沉默是为了不丢掉他的这份工作。(3)She was very upset for not having been invited tothe party. 她因没有被邀请去参加晚会而感到很伤心。 3. not 的位置转移: (1)主句的主语是第一人称 we和I,谓语动词是 think, believe, imagine, suppose 等时,常将其后宾语从句中的否定词 not 前移至这些动词之前。这种语法现象称之为否定转移。例如: ①Idon't think the film isintended for children. 我觉得这部电影不适合儿童看。②Wedon't believe hestole money from the stop. 我们相信他不会偷那店铺里的钱。(2)若用“Itis/was …that …”去强调 until 引导的状语从句,主句中又有否定词 not ,则常将 not 和until 放在一起加以强调。例如: Itwas not until hetold methat Ihad anidea about it. 直到他告诉我,我才明白这件事。(3)当 not until, not o