汉代婚姻礼法和婚姻实态的研究.pdf

摘要汉代统治者重视对婚姻关系的调整。儒生为适应统治,在继承先秦儒学的基础上结合社会现实,提出了一系列婚姻思想主张,并与婚姻法规、皇帝诏令一同构成了有利于国家统治的理想婚姻状态。于是,经学和律令分别以礼和法的形式来调整汉代婚姻关系。两汉婚姻礼法的内容较为系统、全面,主要涉及成婚条件、婚姻禁忌、离婚、再婚及夫妇关系等诸多方面。然而,婚姻实态与礼法规范之间存在着一定差距。具体而言,婚姻实态或遵循礼法规定,或与礼法条文相悖,亦或将礼法束之高阁。就法律时效性而言,司法实践中也存在律重刑轻或律文徒具等现象。造成婚姻实态与礼法不尽一致的原因是多方面的。既有两性观念、巫术思想等历史因素的影响,同时,儒学的传播和渗透程度、社会群体对儒家婚姻观的内化以及统治者与汉儒自身对婚姻观的实践等现实原因也是导致婚姻理想与实态存在差距的重要方面。总体来看,汉代婚姻礼法在实际生活中是比较落实的,尽管礼法对人们的约束和影响并非立竿见影,但随着经学的逐步传播和渗透,男尊女卑、妇女贞节等婚姻观念对汉代社会特别是女性群体的影响越来越大。因而,实际的婚姻状态逐渐趋向统治者的理想模式。关键词:汉代;婚姻礼法;婚姻实态;儒家 Abstract Abstract The rulersof Han Dynasty attached great importance totheadjustment of tothedomination,scholars put forwardsome ideasofmarriage whichinheritance onthebasis Confucianism and ideaof scholarswiththemarriage Laws and theemperor decreein favorofcountriestogether ,the and statutestothemarriage are informof ritualand law. Thecontents oftheDynasty marriage ale morcsystematic prehensive. Marriage criterionmainly related tomarriage conditions,marriage taboos,divorce, remarriage,and many otheraspects ofcouple ,there is a certain gap during themarriage patterns 'the actual stateofthemarriage ceremony follows thelaw,or inconsistent with theprovisions of etiquette and theetiquette on fromthelegalpoint ofview,there isalsophenomena suchas failureto abideby or strictlyenforced inthejudicial practice. The rcasons ofactualstate of amarriage are notconsistent withtheetiquette receivedby thegender stereotypes,superstitions andotherhistorical ,the spread ration ofConfucianism, social group absorption ofConfucianmarriage and Rulers concept ofmarriage practice ofthcdr own degree arc alsocontributed tothemarriage gap between the idealand theactual stateoftheimportant aspects. Overall,themarriage ritesof theHanDynasty ale more implemented inreallife. Marriage rites are not