kegg kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes.pdf

?2000 Oxford University Press Nucleic Acids Research, 2000, Vol. 28, No. 127–30KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and GenomesMinoru Kanehisa* and Susumu GotoInstitute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, JapanReceived September 29, 1999; Accepted October 4, 1999ABSTRACTKEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)is a knowledge base for systematic analysis of genefunctions, linking genomic information with higherorder functional information. The genomic informationis stored in the GENES database, which is a collectionof gene catalogs for all pletely sequencedgenomes and some partial genomes with up-to-dateannotation of gene functions. The higher order func-tional information is stored in the PATHWAY database,which contains graphical representations of cellularprocesses, such as metabolism, membrane transport,signal transduction and cell cycle. The PATHWAYdatabase is supplemented by a set of ortholog grouptables for the information about conserved subpath-ways (pathway motifs), which are often encoded bypositionally coupled genes on the chromosome andwhich are especially useful in predicting gene in KEGGis LIGANDfor the informationabout pounds, enzyme molecules andenzymatic reactions. KEGG provides Java graphicstools for browsing genome maps, comparing twogenomemaps and manipulating expression maps, aswell putational tools for p