lexical词汇学讲义.ppt

LexicologyLexicologyLexicologyStudy of words: etymology of words, word Study of words: etymology of words, word formation, idioms, morphological structure formation, idioms, morphological structure of words, degeneration of words and of words, degeneration of words and elevation of words, sense relation of words, elevation of words, sense relation of words, etcetcPurposes of the Course?-learn some knowledge of lexicology?-enlarge vocabularyHow to Assess?10% word test?10% class performance?80% final I. A General Survey of English Vocabulary?What’s a word?Definition of a word: Aristotle: a word is the smallest significant unit of speech(Morpheme is the smallest).Bloomfield:a word is a minimum free form. Happy(free form) ment(bound form粘着) A word is bination of form (phonological) and meaning (lexical and grammatical). wordIn addition, a word acts as a structural unit of a young man left—grammatical, lexical, phonological meaningThe development of English Vocabulary?History of English Vocabulary: ?Before 450: Celtic & Latin(caster, Manchester, Lancaster)?After 450 AD:English Language begins with the conquest and settlement by the Angles, Saxons and the Jutes—Anglo-Saxon(basic English)Anglo-Saxon?Native English from Anglo-Saxon:?hand foot arm eye ear chin heart bone--body?land mead蜂蜜酒meadow field ford浅河处earth wood hedge树篱hill—everyday life?bower凉亭yard stool floor—everyday use?sun moon day month year—season ?beech榉oak ash elm榆树horse mare sheep lamb deer swine猪hen dog bear??Adj: black white high deep wide broad narrow long small fresh sound swift good wise merry greedy busy dark light glad sorry many few little much old young new bitter sweet?Verbs: drive abide遵守,忍受bite ride rise shine choose bow brew bloat臃肿fly lie shoot have bind climb drink find sink sing spring swim win help melt swell milk yield fight carve starve burst bear steal tear e see break speak tread践踏weave eat sit fare做shake