初中英语语法—— 现在完成时 知识点总结归纳
现在完成时
构成:主语 +助动词 have,has+过去分词
用法:
1) 表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usuall? I have not lost my pen.
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes, I have. / No, I have not.
★特殊疑问句
What have you done?
What has he done?
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时。
注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一
段时间状语连用。
错: I ’ve left Beijing for 3 days.
对: I left Beijing 3 days ago.
I have been away from Beijing for 3 days.
知识提升:
现在完成时:
: have / has + 过去分词
:
(1) 表示过去所发生的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。常与yet, just, before,
recently, lately(最近 ), ever, never等表时间的副词搭配使用。
? . He hasn't seen her lately.? . I haven't finished the book yet.
表示一个从过去某个时间开始,延续到现在并可能持续下去的动作,常与表
示一段时间的时间状语连用。如: so far(迄今为止 ), up till now( 直到现在 ), since, for a long time(很长时间 ), up to present(直到现在 ), in the past / in the last few
years(在过去的几年里 ), these days(目前 )⋯⋯
? . He has worked here for 15 years. ? . I have studied English since I came here.
. The foreigner has been away from China for a long time.
. So far, I haven't received a single letter from my brother.
(3)某些非延续性动词 (即:动作开始便终止的动词 ),在现在完成时中不能与表示
一段时间状语搭配。
黄金要点:
I. 常见的非延续动词: die, arrive(到达 ), join( 加入 ), leave(离开 ), go, refuse(拒 绝),
fail( 失败 ), finish, buy, marry, divorce( 离婚 ), awake(醒), buy, borrow, lend ...
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